Pre-Prints
2023
- Wehrheim, M., Faskowitz, J., Schubert, A.-L., & Fiebach, C. (2023). Reliability of Variability and Complexity Measures for Task and Task-Free BOLD fMRI. OSF. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ves2t
@misc{wehrheimReliabilityVariabilityComplexity2023, title = {Reliability of {{Variability}} and {{Complexity Measures}} for {{Task}} and {{Task-Free BOLD fMRI}}}, author = {Wehrheim, Maren and Faskowitz, Joshua and Schubert, Anna-Lena and Fiebach, Christian}, year = {2023}, month = nov, publisher = {OSF}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/ves2t}, urldate = {2024-11-12}, archiveprefix = {OSF}, langid = {american}, keywords = {BOLD fMRI,complexity,dimensionality,reliability,temporal variability}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\FJPUIELM\Wehrheim et al. - 2023 - Reliability of Variability and Complexity Measures.pdf} }Abstract
Brain activity continuously fluctuates over time, even if the brain is in controlled (e.g., experimentally induced) states. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in understanding the complexity of these temporal variations, for example with respect to developmental changes of brain function or between-person differences in healthy and clinical populations. However, the psychometric reliability of brain signal variability and complexity measures – which is an important precondition for robust individual differences as well as longitudinal research – is not yet sufficiently studied. We examined reliability (split-half correlations) and test-retest correlations for task-free (resting-state) BOLD fMRI as well as split-half correlations for seven functional task datasets from the Human Connectome Project to evaluate their reliability. We observed good to excellent split-half reliability for temporal variability measures derived from rest and task fMRI activation time series (standard deviation, mean absolute successive difference, mean squared successive difference), and moderate test-retest correlations for the same variability measures under rest conditions. Brain signal complexity estimates (several entropy and dimensionality measures) showed moderate to good reliabilities under both, rest and task activation conditions. We calculated the same measures also for time-resolved (dynamic) functional connectivity time series, and observed moderate to good reliabilities for variability measures, but poor reliabilities for complexity measures derived from functional connectivity time series. Global (i.e., mean across cortical regions) measures tended to show higher reliability than region-specific variability or complexity estimates. Larger subcortical regions had similar reliability as cortical regions, but small regions showed lower reliability, especially for complexity measures. Lastly, we also show that reliability scores only minorly dependent on differences in scan length and replicate our results across different parcellation and denoising strategies. These results suggest that variability and complexity of BOLD activation time series are robust measures well-suited for individual differences research. Temporal variability of global functional connectivity over time provides an important novel approach to robustly quantifying the dynamics of brain function.
2024
- Gagl, B., Weyers, I., Eisenhauer, S., Fiebach, C. J., Colombo, M., Scarf, D., Ziegler, J. C., Grainger, J., Güntürkün, O., & Mueller, J. L. (2024). Non-Human Recognition of Orthography: How Is It Implemented and How Does It Differ from Human Orthographic Processing (p. 2024.06.25.600635). bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.25.600635
@misc{gaglNonHumanRecognitionOrthography2024, title = {Non-{{Human Recognition}} of {{Orthography}}: {{How}} Is It Implemented and How Does It Differ from {{Human}} Orthographic Processing}, shorttitle = {Non-{{Human Recognition}} of {{Orthography}}}, author = {Gagl, Benjamin and Weyers, Ivonne and Eisenhauer, Susanne and Fiebach, Christian J. and Colombo, Michael and Scarf, Damian and Ziegler, Johannes C. and Grainger, Jonathan and G{\"u}nt{\"u}rk{\"u}n, Onur and Mueller, Jutta L.}, year = {2024}, month = jun, primaryclass = {New Results}, pages = {2024.06.25.600635}, publisher = {bioRxiv}, doi = {10.1101/2024.06.25.600635}, urldate = {2024-11-12}, archiveprefix = {bioRxiv}, chapter = {New Results}, copyright = {{\copyright} 2024, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\GL8T7ER8\Gagl et al. - 2024 - Non-Human Recognition of Orthography How is it im.pdf} }Abstract
The ability to robustly recognize strings of letters, a cornerstone of reading, was observed in Baboons and Pigeons despite their lack of phonological and semantic knowledge. Here, we apply a comparative modeling approach to investigate the neuro-cognitive basis of Human, Baboon, and Pigeon orthographic decision behavior, addressing whether phylogenetic relatedness entails similar underlying neuro-cognitive phenotypes. We use the highly transparent Speechless Reader Model (SLR), which assumes letter string recognition based on widely accepted computational principles of predictive coding so that orthographic decisions rely on a prediction error signal emerging from multiple, hierarchically ordered representational levels, i.e., low-level visual, letter, or letter sequence representations. We investigate which representations species use during successful orthographic decision-making. We introduce multiple SLR variants, each including one or multiple prediction error representations, and compare the simulations of each SLR variant to the orthographic decisions from individuals of three species after learning letter strings without meaning. Humans predominantly relied on letter-sequence-level representations, resulting in the highest task performance in behavior and model simulations. Baboons also relied on sequence-based representations but in combination with pixel- and letter-level representations. In contrast, all Pigeons relied on pixel-level representations, partly in combination with letter- and letter-sequence-level representations. These findings suggest that orthographic representations utilized in orthographic decisions reflect the phylogenetic distance between species: Humans and Baboons use more similar representations compared to Pigeons. Overall, the description of orthographic decisions based on a small set of representations and computations was highly successful in describing behavior, even for Humans who mastered reading in its entirety. Significance Statement Baboons and Pigeons show reading-like behavior, suggesting that efficient reading relies partly on neuro-cognitive processes shared across species. Here, we use a computational model to describe, on an individual level, the processes implemented in each Human, Baboon, and Pigeon included in the study. The model allows us to investigate the similarities and differences of how each Human or Animal implemented reading-like behavior on a neuro-cognitive level. We found considerable individual differences in all species, but the processes used by Humans and Baboons were more similar to those implemented by Pigeons. Thus, the neuro-cognitive processes that allow accurate behavioral responses in reading-like tasks reflect the evolutionary distance between species.
- Neamaalkassis, H., Boubenec, Y., Muralikrishnan, R., Fiebach, C., & Tavano, A. (2024). The Fundamental Frequencies of Our Own Voice. OSF. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fm9ed
@misc{neamaalkassisFundamentalFrequenciesOur2024, title = {The Fundamental Frequencies of Our Own Voice}, author = {Neamaalkassis, Hakam and Boubenec, Yves and Muralikrishnan, R. and Fiebach, Christian and Tavano, Alessandro}, year = {2024}, month = feb, publisher = {OSF}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/fm9ed}, urldate = {2024-11-12}, archiveprefix = {OSF}, langid = {american}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\5XLACTMI\Neamaalkassis et al. - 2024 - The fundamental frequencies of our own voice.pdf} }Abstract
Own actions send a corollary discharge (CD) signal, that is a copy of the planned motor program, to sensory-specific brain areas to suppress the anticipated sensory response, providing a neural basis for the sense of self. When we speak, the sensory consequences of the fundamental frequency (f0) of our own voice, generated by vocal fold vibrations, are suppressed. However, due to bone/air conduction filtering effects, the f0 we self-generate is measurably different from the f0 we subjectively perceive as defining our own voice. Using an auditory change deafness paradigm, we parametrically tested the sensitivity to auditory change in the frequency neighbourhoods of individual objective and subjective voice f0, and found that participants experience change deafness for both to a similar extent, relative to a control pitch condition. We conclude that when we listen attentively, we are likely to filter out voice pitches in the vicinity of our own objective and subjective voice f0, possibly as a long-term consequence of speaking-induced suppression mechanisms integrated with individual, perceptual bodily priors.
- Taylor, J. E., Sinn, R., Iaia, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2024). Beyond Letters: Optimal Transport as a Model for Sub-Letter Orthographic Processing (p. 2024.11.11.622929). bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.11.622929
@misc{taylorLettersOptimalTransport2024, title = {Beyond {{Letters}}: {{Optimal Transport}} as a {{Model}} for {{Sub-Letter Orthographic Processing}}}, shorttitle = {Beyond {{Letters}}}, author = {Taylor, Jack E. and Sinn, Rasmus and Iaia, Cosimo and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2024}, month = nov, primaryclass = {New Results}, pages = {2024.11.11.622929}, publisher = {bioRxiv}, doi = {10.1101/2024.11.11.622929}, urldate = {2024-11-12}, archiveprefix = {bioRxiv}, chapter = {New Results}, copyright = {{\copyright} 2024, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\SAHIMFH7\Taylor et al. - 2024 - Beyond Letters Optimal Transport as a Model for S.pdf} }Abstract
Letter processing plays a key role in visual word recognition. However, word recognition models typically overlook or greatly simplify early perceptual processes of letter recognition. We suggest that optimal transport theory may provide a computational framework for describing letter shape processing. We use representational similarity analysis to show that optimal transport cost (Wasserstein distance) between pairs of letters aligns with neural activity elicited by visually presented letters <225 ms after stimulus onset, outperforming an existing approach based on shape overlap. We additionally show that optimal transport can capture the emergence of geometric invariances (e.g., to position or size) observed in letter perception. Finally, we demonstrate that Wasserstein distance predicts neural activity similarly well to features from artificial networks trained to classify images and letters. However, whereas representations in artificial neural networks emerge in a computationally unconstrained manner, our proposal provides a computationally explicit route to modeling the earliest orthographic processes.
In Preparation
- Miederer, I., Buchholz, H.-G., Rademacher, L., Eckart, C., Kraft, D., Piel, M., Fiebach, C. J., & Mathias Schreckenberger, M. (in preparation). Dopaminergic mechanisms of cognitive flexibility: an [18F]fallypride PET study.
- Basten, U., Rammensee, R. A., Weygandt, R., & Fiebach, C. J. (in preparation). Intelligence and the regulation of the brain’s default activity.
- Krasberg-Schoett, M. J. S., Deichmann, R., Fischmann, T., Fiebach, C. J. (in preparation). Rejecting the rejected child – neural correlates of social exclusion depend on child attachment.
- Armbruster-Genç, D. J. N, Basten, U., & Fiebach, C. J. (in preparation). Reliability for an Experimental Assessment of Cognitive Flexibility and Stability.
Published
2002
- Fiebach, C. J., Friederici, A. D., Müller, K., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2002). fMRI Evidence for Dual Routes to the Mental Lexicon in Visual Word Recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902317205285
@article{fiebachFMRIEvidenceDual2002, title = {{{fMRI}} Evidence for Dual Routes to the Mental Lexicon in Visual Word Recognition}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Friederici, Angela D. and M{\"u}ller, Karsten and {von Cramon}, D. Yves}, year = {2002}, month = jan, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {11--23}, issn = {0898-929X}, doi = {10.1162/089892902317205285}, langid = {english}, pmid = {11798383}, keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Occipital Lobe,Pattern Recognition Visual,Phonetics,Reading,Temporal Lobe,Visual Pathways}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\C4VHSU98\Fiebach et al. - 2002 - fMRI evidence for dual routes to the mental lexico.pdf} }Abstract
Event-related fMRI was used to investigate lexical decisions to words of high and low frequency of occurrence and to pseudowords. The results obtained strongly support dual-route models of visual word processing. By contrasting words with pseudowords, bilateral occipito-temporal brain areas and posterior left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were identified as contributing to the successful mapping of orthographic percepts onto visual word form representations. Low-frequency words and pseudowords elicited greater activations than high-frequency words in the superior pars opercularis [Brodmann’s area (BA) 44] of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in the anterior insula, and in the thalamus and caudate nucleus. As processing of these stimuli during lexical search is known to rely on phonological information, it is concluded that these brain regions are involved in grapheme-to-phoneme conversion. Activation in the pars triangularis (BA 45) of the left IFG was observed only for low-frequency words. It is proposed that this region is involved in processes of lexical selection.
- Fiebach, C. J., Schlesewsky, M., & Friederici, A. D. (2002). Separating Syntactic Memory Costs and Syntactic Integration Costs during Parsing: The Processing of German WH-questions. Journal of Memory and Language.
@article{fiebachSeparatingSyntacticMemory2002, title = {Separating Syntactic Memory Costs and Syntactic Integration Costs during Parsing: The Processing of {{German WH-questions}}}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J and Schlesewsky, Matthias and Friederici, Angela D}, year = {2002}, journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, langid = {english} }Abstract
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants processed case-unambiguous German subject and object WH-questions with either a long or a short distance between the WH-filler and its gap. A sustained left anterior negativity was observed for object questions with long filler-gap distance but not for short object questions. This negativity was modulated by individual differences in working memory capacity. No comparable negativity was elicited by WHETHER-questions which did not contain a filler-gap dependency. A positive-going ERP effect was observed for short and long object WH-questions at the position of the second noun phrase. We interpret the sustained negativity as reflecting working memory processes required for maintaining the dislocated object in memory. Processing costs associated with integrating the stored element into the phrase structure representation are indicated by the local positivity. These results support the notion of separable syntactic working memory and syntactic integration cost components as causes of processing difficulty in complex sentences. Ó 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
2003
- Fiebach, C., Friederici, A., Mueller, K., Cramon, D., & Hernandez, A. (2003). Distinct Brain Representations for Early and Late Learned Words. NeuroImage, 19, 1627–1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00227-1
@article{fiebachDistinctBrainRepresentations2003, title = {Distinct Brain Representations for Early and Late Learned Words}, author = {Fiebach, Christian and Friederici, Angela and Mueller, Karsten and Cramon, D. and Hernandez, Arturo}, year = {2003}, month = sep, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {19}, pages = {1627--37}, doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00227-1}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\VBBM22VT\Fiebach et al. - 2003 - Distinct brain representations for early and late .pdf} }Abstract
Recently there has been a renewed interest in cognitive psychology on the effects of the age of word acquisition (AoA) on lexical processing. In particular, it is currently unclear whether AoA or word frequency are better predictors of word recognition. To date no study has investigated the neural bases of the AoA effect or attempted to dissociate it from word frequency. We report a visual and an auditory event-related fMRI experiment investigating the influence of AoA and word frequency on neural activity, and show that AoA modulates brain areas that are not influenced by word frequency. The precuneus was activated for early learned words across auditory and visual presentation modalities. Additional activity in the auditory cortex was observed specifically for the reading of early acquired words. Late learned words, in contrast, led to a selective activation increase in lateral inferior frontal areas. These findings support models that suggest that early and late learned words are represented differently in the brain. They further allow to specify the nature of the representational differences, namely that early learned words are represented in the brain in a more sensory manner than late learned words.
- Friederici, A. D., Rüschemeyer, S.-A., Hahne, A., & Fiebach, C. J. (2003). The Role of Left Inferior Frontal and Superior Temporal Cortex in Sentence Comprehension: Localizing Syntactic and Semantic Processes. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 13(2), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/13.2.170
@article{friedericiRoleLeftInferior2003, title = {The Role of Left Inferior Frontal and Superior Temporal Cortex in Sentence Comprehension: Localizing Syntactic and Semantic Processes}, shorttitle = {The Role of Left Inferior Frontal and Superior Temporal Cortex in Sentence Comprehension}, author = {Friederici, Angela D. and R{\"u}schemeyer, Shirley-Ann and Hahne, Anja and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2003}, month = feb, journal = {Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {170--177}, issn = {1047-3211}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/13.2.170}, langid = {english}, pmid = {12507948}, keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Comprehension,Female,Frontal Lobe,Humans,Language,Linguistics,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Putamen,Semantics,Speech Perception,Temporal Lobe}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\RQG2GS4V\Friederici et al. - 2003 - The role of left inferior frontal and superior tem.pdf} }Abstract
An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm was used to specify those brain areas supporting the processing of sentence-level semantic and syntactic information. Hemodynamic responses were recorded while participants listened to correct, semantically incorrect and syntactically incorrect sentences. Both anomalous conditions recruited larger portions of the superior temporal region than correct sentences. Processing of semantic violations relied primarily on the mid-portion of the superior temporal region bilaterally and the insular cortex bilaterally, whereas processing of syntactic violations specifically involved the anterior portion of the left superior temporal gyrus, the left posterior frontal operculum adjacent to Broca’s area and the putamen in the left basal ganglia. A comparison of the two anomalous conditions revealed higher levels of activation for the syntactic over the semantic condition in the left basal ganglia and for the semantic over the syntactic condition in the mid-portion of the superior temporal gyrus, bilaterally. These data indicate that both semantic and syntactic processes are supported by a temporo-frontal network with distinct areas specialized for semantic and syntactic processes.
2004
- Bornkessel, I. D., Fiebach, C. J., Friederici, A. D., & Schlesewsky, M. (2004). "Capacity" Reconsidered: Interindividual Differences in Language Comprehension and Individual Alpha Frequency. Experimental Psychology, 51(4), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.4.279
@article{bornkesselCapacityReconsideredInterindividual2004, title = {"{{Capacity}}" {{Reconsidered}}: {{Interindividual Differences}} in {{Language Comprehension}} and {{Individual Alpha Frequency}}}, shorttitle = {"{{Capacity}}" {{Reconsidered}}}, author = {Bornkessel, Ina D. and Fiebach, Christian J. and Friederici, Angela D. and Schlesewsky, Matthias}, year = {2004}, journal = {Experimental Psychology}, volume = {51}, number = {4}, pages = {279--289}, publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber Publishers}, address = {Germany}, issn = {2190-5142}, doi = {10.1027/1618-3169.51.4.279}, keywords = {Alpha Rhythm,Cognitive Processes,Evoked Potentials,Individual Differences,Language,Semantics,Syntax,Verbal Comprehension} }Abstract
The influence of interindividual differences in cognitive mechanisms on language comprehension remains controversial not only due to conflicting experimental findings, but also in view of the difficulty associated with determining which measure should be used in participant classification. Here, we address the latter problem by proposing that an electrophysiological measure, individual alpha frequency (IAF), may be a suitable means of classifying interindividual differences in sentence processing. Interindividual differences in IAF have been shown to correlate with performance on memory tasks and speed of information processing. In two experiments using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), IAF-based participant groups differed systematically with regard to the processing of ambiguous sentences such that the low- IAF group showed a sustained positivity in the ambiguous region, while the high-IAF group did not. These interindividual differences were independent of whether the ambiguity was syntactic (Experiment 1) or sentence-level semantic (Experiment 2). Moreover, they were reliable only when participants were classified according to IAF, but not in classifications based on reading span, speed of processing (reaction time), or accuracy of processing (error rate). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
- Bornkessel, I. D., Fiebach, C. J., & Friederici, A. D. (2004). On the Cost of Syntactic Ambiguity in Human Language Comprehension: An Individual Differences Approach. Cognitive Brain Research, 21(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.05.007
@article{bornkesselCostSyntacticAmbiguity2004, title = {On the Cost of Syntactic Ambiguity in Human Language Comprehension: {{An}} Individual Differences Approach}, shorttitle = {On the Cost of Syntactic Ambiguity in Human Language Comprehension}, author = {Bornkessel, Ina D. and Fiebach, Christian J. and Friederici, Angela D.}, year = {2004}, journal = {Cognitive Brain Research}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {11--21}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Netherlands}, issn = {0926-6410}, doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.05.007}, keywords = {Comprehension,Evoked Potentials,Individual Differences,Language,Reading Skills,Short Term Memory}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\AT7U9ZYN\2004-19323-002.html} }Abstract
We present an event-related brain potential (ERP) study demonstrating that high and low span readers show qualitatively different brain responses in the comprehension of ambiguous and complex linguistic stimuli. During the processing of ambiguous German sentences, low span readers showed a broadly distributed, sustained positivity, whereas high span participants showed a shorter, topographically more focused negativity. Qualitatively similar effects were observable in response to (complex) object-initial sentences. Additionally, a neural effect reflecting reanalysis in sentences disambiguated in a dispreferred way (P600) was observable only for high span readers, while the low span group showed an N400-like response. These neurophysiological findings support the notion that individual working memory capacity as measured by the reading span test influences sentence processing mechanisms and are compatible with the hypothesis that low span readers cannot effectively inhibit dispreferred readings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
- Fiebach, C. J., Vos, S. H., & Friederici, A. D. (2004). Neural Correlates of Syntactic Ambiguity in Sentence Comprehension for Low and High Span Readers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(9), 1562–1575. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929042568479
@article{fiebachNeuralCorrelatesSyntactic2004, title = {Neural {{Correlates}} of {{Syntactic Ambiguity}} in {{Sentence Comprehension}} for {{Low}} and {{High Span Readers}}}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Vos, Sandra H. and Friederici, Angela D.}, year = {2004}, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {16}, number = {9}, pages = {1562--1575}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {US}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/0898929042568479}, keywords = {Broca's Area,Sentence Comprehension,Sentences,Short Term Memory,Syntax}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\IC5HZ8S3\Fiebach et al. - 2004 - Neural Correlates of Syntactic Ambiguity in Senten.pdf} }Abstract
Syntactically ambiguous sentences have been found to be difficult to process, in particular, for individuals with low working memory capacity. The current study used fMRI to investigate the neural basis of this effect in the processing of written sentences. Participants with high and low working memory capacity read sentences with either a short or long region of temporary syntactic ambiguity while being scanned. A distributed left-dominant network in the peri-sylvian region was identified to support sentence processing in the critical region of the sentence. Within this network, only the superior portion of Broca’s area (BA 44) and a parietal region showed an activation increase as a function of the length of the syntactically ambiguous region in the sentence. Furthermore, it was only the BA 44 region that exhibited an interaction of working memory span, length of the syntactic ambiguity, and sentence complexity. In this area, the activation increase for syntactically more complex sentences became only significant under longer regions of ambiguity, and for low span readers only. This finding suggests that neural activity in BA 44 increases during sentence comprehension when processing demands increase, be it due to syntactic processing demands or by an interaction with the individually available working memory capacity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
- Fiebach, C. J., & Friederici, A. D. (2004). Processing Concrete Words: fMRI Evidence against a Specific Right-Hemisphere Involvement. Neuropsychologia, 42(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00145-3
@article{fiebachProcessingConcreteWords2004, title = {Processing Concrete Words: {{fMRI}} Evidence against a Specific Right-Hemisphere Involvement}, shorttitle = {Processing Concrete Words}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Friederici, Angela D.}, year = {2004}, journal = {Neuropsychologia}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {62--70}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/s0028-3932(03)00145-3}, langid = {english}, pmid = {14615076}, keywords = {Adult,Decision Making,Female,Functional Laterality,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Mental Processes,Psychomotor Performance,Reading} }Abstract
Behavioral, patient, and electrophysiological studies have been taken as support for the assumption that processing of abstract words is confined to the left hemisphere, whereas concrete words are processed also by right-hemispheric brain areas. These are thought to provide additional information from an imaginal representational system, as postulated in the dual-coding theory of memory and cognition. Here we report new event-related fMRI data on the processing of concrete and abstract words in a lexical decision task. While abstract words activated a subregion of the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45) more strongly than concrete words, specific activity for concrete words was observed in the left basal temporal cortex. These data as well as data from other neuroimaging studies reviewed here are not compatible with the assumption of a specific right-hemispheric involvement for concrete words. The combined findings rather suggest a revised view of the neuroanatomical bases of the imaginal representational system assumed in the dual-coding theory, at least with respect to word recognition.
- Fiebach, C. J., Schlesewsky, M., Lohmann, G., von Cramon, D. Y., & Friederici, A. D. (2004). Revisiting the Role of Broca’s Area in Sentence Processing: Syntactic Integration versus Syntactic Working Memory. Human Brain Mapping, 24(2), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20070
@article{fiebachRevisitingRoleBrocas2004, title = {Revisiting the Role of {{Broca}}'s Area in Sentence Processing: {{Syntactic}} Integration versus Syntactic Working Memory}, shorttitle = {Revisiting the Role of {{Broca}}'s Area in Sentence Processing}, author = {Fiebach, C.J. and Schlesewsky, M. and Lohmann, G. and {von Cramon}, D.Y. and Friederici, A.D.}, year = {2004}, month = sep, journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {79--91}, issn = {1065-9471}, doi = {10.1002/hbm.20070}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC6871727}, pmid = {15455462}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\M6ZK9IKL\Fiebach et al. - 2004 - Revisiting the role of Broca's area in sentence pr.pdf} }Abstract
Most previous neuroimaging studies of sentence processing have associated Broca’s area with syntactic processing; however, the exact nature of the processes subserved by this brain region is yet not well understood. Although some authors suggest that Brodmann area (BA) 44 of the left inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., Broca’s area) is relevant for syntactic integration processes, others claim that it is associated with working memory mechanisms relevant for language processing. To dissociate these two possible functions, the present study investigated hemodynamic responses elicited while participants processed German indirect wh-questions. Activation increases were observed in left BA 44 together with superior temporal areas and right hemispheric homologues for sentences with noncanonical word order, in which a verb argument was dislocated from its canonical position over a relatively long distance. In these sentences, syntactic working memory load was assumed to be greatest. In contrast, no activation increase was elicited by object–initial as opposed to subject–initial sentences that did not differ with respect to working memory costs but with respect to syntactic integration costs. These data strongly suggest that Broca’s area plays a critical role in syntactic working memory during online sentence comprehension. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:79–91, 2005. \copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Heinke, W., Fiebach, C. J., Schwarzbauer, C., Meyer, M., Olthoff, D., & Alter, K. (2004). Sequential Effects of Propofol on Functional Brain Activation Induced by Auditory Language Processing: An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 92(5), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeh133
@article{heinkeSequentialEffectsPropofol2004, title = {Sequential Effects of Propofol on Functional Brain Activation Induced by Auditory Language Processing: An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study}, shorttitle = {Sequential Effects of Propofol on Functional Brain Activation Induced by Auditory Language Processing}, author = {Heinke, W. and Fiebach, C. J. and Schwarzbauer, C. and Meyer, M. and Olthoff, D. and Alter, K.}, year = {2004}, month = may, journal = {British Journal of Anaesthesia}, volume = {92}, number = {5}, pages = {641--650}, issn = {0007-0912}, doi = {10.1093/bja/aeh133}, langid = {english}, pmid = {15064248}, keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adult,Anesthetics Intravenous,Brain,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Language,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Propofol,Speech Perception}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\HTQHNYSA\Heinke et al. - 2004 - Sequential effects of propofol on functional brain.pdf} }Abstract
BACKGROUND: We have investigated the effect of propofol on language processing using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Twelve healthy male volunteers underwent MRI scanning at a magnetic field strength of 3 Tesla while performing an auditory language processing task. Functional images were acquired from the perisylvian cortical regions that are associated with auditory and language processing. The experiment consisted of three blocks: awake state (block 1), induction of anaesthesia with 3 mg kg(-1) propofol (block 2), and maintenance of anaesthesia with 3 mg kg(-1) h(-1) propofol (block 3). During each block normal sentences and pseudo-word sentences were presented in random order. The subjects were instructed to press a button to indicate whether a sentence was made up of pseudo-words or not. All subjects stopped responding during block two. The data collected before and after the subjects stopped responding during this block were analyzed separately. In addition, propofol plasma concentrations were measured and the effect-site concentrations of propofol were calculated. RESULTS: During wakefulness, language processing induced brain activation in a widely distributed temporofrontal network. Immediately after unresponsiveness, activation disappeared in frontal areas but persisted in both temporal lobes (block 2 second half, propofol effect-site concentration: 1.51 microg ml(-1)). No activation differences related to the task were observed during block 3 (propofol effect-site concentration: 4.35 microg ml(-1)). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest sequential effects of propofol on auditory language processing networks. Brain activation firstly declines in the frontal lobe before it disappears in the temporal lobe.
2005
- Fiebach, C. J., Gruber, T., & Supp, G. G. (2005). Neuronal Mechanisms of Repetition Priming in Occipitotemporal Cortex: Spatiotemporal Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroencephalography. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25(13), 3414–3422. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4107-04.2005
@article{fiebachNeuronalMechanismsRepetition2005, title = {Neuronal {{Mechanisms}} of {{Repetition Priming}} in {{Occipitotemporal Cortex}}: {{Spatiotemporal Evidence}} from {{Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging}} and {{Electroencephalography}}}, shorttitle = {Neuronal {{Mechanisms}} of {{Repetition Priming}} in {{Occipitotemporal Cortex}}}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Gruber, Thomas and Supp, Gernot G.}, year = {2005}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {25}, number = {13}, pages = {3414--3422}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, address = {US}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4107-04.2005}, keywords = {Cerebral Cortex,Neurons,Occipital Lobe,Priming,Word Recognition}, file = {C\:\\Users\\felix\\Zotero\\storage\\PDWHTYDW\\Fiebach et al. - 2005 - Neuronal Mechanisms of Repetition Priming in Occip.pdf;C\:\\Users\\felix\\Zotero\\storage\\H54K3LHZ\\2005-03444-007.html} }Abstract
Repeated stimulus presentation (priming) is generally associated with a reduction in neuronal firing, macroscopically mirrored by a decrease in oscillatory electrophysiological markers as well as reduced hemodynamic responses. However, these repetition effects seem to be dependent on stimulus familiarity. We investigate the spatiotemporal correlates of repetition priming in cortical word-recognition networks and their modulation by stimulus familiarity (i.e., words vs pseudowords). Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging results show reduced activation for repeated words in occipitotemporal cortical regions. Electroencephalogram recordings reveal a significant reduction of induced gamma-band responses (GBRs) between 200 and 350 ms after stimulus onset, accompanied by a decrease in phase synchrony between electrode positions. Pseudoword repetition, in contrast, leads to an activation increase in the same areas, to increased GBRs, and to an increased phase coupling. This spatiotemporal repetition by stimulus type interaction suggests that qualitatively distinct mechanisms are recruited during repetition priming of familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. Repetition of familiar stimuli leads to a "sharpening" of extrastriate object representations, whereas the repetition of unfamiliar stimuli results in the "formation" of a novel cortical network by means of synchronized oscillatory activity. In addition to isolating these mechanisms, the present study provides the first evidence for a possible link between induced electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of brain activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
- Friederici, A. D., Fiebach, C. J., Schlesewsky, M., Bornkessel, I. D., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2005). Processing Linguistic Complexity and Grammaticality in the Left Frontal Cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 16(12), 1709–1717. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj106
@article{friedericiProcessingLinguisticComplexity2005, title = {Processing {{Linguistic Complexity}} and {{Grammaticality}} in the {{Left Frontal Cortex}}}, author = {Friederici, A. D. and Fiebach, C. J. and Schlesewsky, M. and Bornkessel, I. D. and Von Cramon, D. Y.}, year = {2005}, month = dec, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {1709--1717}, issn = {1047-3211, 1460-2199}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhj106}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\PZZVCE6W\Friederici et al. - 2005 - Processing Linguistic Complexity and Grammaticalit.pdf} } - Rüschemeyer, S.-A., Fiebach, C. J., Kempe, V., & Friederici, A. D. (2005). Processing Lexical Semantic and Syntactic Information in First and Second Language: fMRI Evidence from German and Russian. Human Brain Mapping, 25(2), 266–286. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20098
@article{ruschemeyerProcessingLexicalSemantic2005, title = {Processing Lexical Semantic and Syntactic Information in First and Second Language: {{fMRI}} Evidence from {{German}} and {{Russian}}}, shorttitle = {Processing Lexical Semantic and Syntactic Information in First and Second Language}, author = {R{\"u}schemeyer, Shirley-Ann and Fiebach, Christian J. and Kempe, Vera and Friederici, Angela D.}, year = {2005}, month = jun, journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {266--286}, issn = {1065-9471}, doi = {10.1002/hbm.20098}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC6871675}, pmid = {15849713}, keywords = {Adult,Basal Ganglia,Brain,Brain Mapping,Cerebrovascular Circulation,Female,Frontal Lobe,Functional Laterality,Germany,Humans,Language,Language Tests,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Nerve Net,Russia,Semantics,Speech Perception,Temporal Lobe,Verbal Behavior}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\QQW4KKR4\Rüschemeyer et al. - 2005 - Processing lexical semantic and syntactic informat.pdf} }Abstract
We introduce two experiments that explored syntactic and semantic processing of spoken sentences by native and non-native speakers. In the first experiment, the neural substrates corresponding to detection of syntactic and semantic violations were determined in native speakers of two typologically different languages using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results show that the underlying neural response of participants to stimuli across different native languages is quite similar. In the second experiment, we investigated how non-native speakers of a language process the same stimuli presented in the first experiment. First, the results show a more similar pattern of increased activation between native and non-native speakers in response to semantic violations than to syntactic violations. Second, the non-native speakers were observed to employ specific portions of the frontotemporal language network differently from those employed by native speakers. These regions included the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), and subcortical structures of the basal ganglia.
- Supp, G. G., Schlögl, A., Fiebach, C. J., Gunter, T. C., Vigliocco, G., Pfurtscheller, G., & Petsche, H. (2005). SHORT COMMUNICATIONS: Semantic Memory Retrieval: Cortical Couplings in Object Recognition in the N400 Window. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21(4), 1139–1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03906.x
@article{suppSHORTCOMMUNICATIONSSemantic2005, title = {{{SHORT COMMUNICATIONS}}: {{Semantic}} Memory Retrieval: Cortical Couplings in Object Recognition in the {{N400}} Window}, shorttitle = {{{SHORT COMMUNICATIONS}}}, author = {Supp, Gernot G. and Schl{\"o}gl, Alois and Fiebach, Christian J. and Gunter, Thomas C. and Vigliocco, Gabriella and Pfurtscheller, Gert and Petsche, Hellmuth}, year = {2005}, month = feb, journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {1139--1143}, issn = {0953-816X, 1460-9568}, doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03906.x}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\RPXARDSG\Supp et al. - 2005 - SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Semantic memory retrieval c.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract To characterize the regional changes in neuronal couplings and information transfer related to semantic aspects of object recognition in humans we used partial-directed EEG-coherence analysis (PDC). We examined the differences of processing recognizable and unrecognizable pictures as reflected by changes in cortical networks within the time-window of a determined event-related potential (ERP) component, namely the N400. Fourteen participants performed an image recognition task, while sequentially confronted with pictures of recognizable and unrecognizable objects. The time-window of N400 as indicative of object semantics was defined from the ERP. Differences of PDC in the beta-band between these tasks were represented topographically as patterns of electrical couplings, possibly indicating changing degrees of functional cooperation between brain areas. Successful memory retrieval of picture meaning appears to be supported by networks comprising left temporal and parietal regions and bilateral frontal brain areas.
2006
- Fiebach, C. J., & Schubotz, R. I. (2006). Dynamic Anticipatory Processing of Hierarchical Sequential Events: A Common Role for Broca’s Area and Ventral Premotor Cortex across Domains? Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 42(4), 499–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70386-1
@article{fiebachDynamicAnticipatoryProcessing2006, title = {Dynamic Anticipatory Processing of Hierarchical Sequential Events: A Common Role for {{Broca}}'s Area and Ventral Premotor Cortex across Domains?}, shorttitle = {Dynamic Anticipatory Processing of Hierarchical Sequential Events}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Schubotz, Ricarda I.}, year = {2006}, month = may, journal = {Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior}, volume = {42}, number = {4}, pages = {499--502}, issn = {0010-9452}, doi = {10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70386-1}, langid = {english}, pmid = {16881258}, keywords = {Animals,Frontal Lobe,Humans,Language,Motor Cortex,Nerve Net,Psycholinguistics} }Abstract
This paper proposes a domain-general model for the functional contribution of ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and adjacent Broca’s area to perceptual, cognitive, and motor processing. We propose to understand this frontal region as a highly flexible sequence processor, with the PMv mapping sequential events onto stored structural templates and Broca’s Area involved in more complex, hierarchical or hypersequential processing. This proposal is supported by reference to previous functional neuroimaging studies investigating abstract sequence processing and syntactic processing.
- Fiebach, C. J., Rissman, J., & D’Esposito, M. (2006). Modulation of Inferotemporal Cortex Activation during Verbal Working Memory Maintenance. Neuron, 51(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.007
@article{fiebachModulationInferotemporalCortex2006, title = {Modulation of Inferotemporal Cortex Activation during Verbal Working Memory Maintenance}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Rissman, Jesse and D'Esposito, Mark}, year = {2006}, month = jul, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {251--261}, issn = {0896-6273}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.007}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC4544870}, pmid = {16846859}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\BEJW6CZV\Fiebach et al. - 2006 - Modulation of inferotemporal cortex activation dur.pdf} }Abstract
Regions of the left inferotemporal cortex are involved in visual word recognition and semantics. We utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging to localize an inferotemporal language area and to demonstrate that this area is involved in the active maintenance of visually presented words in working memory. Maintenance activity in this inferotemporal area showed an effect of memory load for words, but not pseudowords. The selective modulation of this language-related inferotemporal area for the maintenance of words, in the absence of visual input, is accompanied by an increased functional connectivity with left prefrontal cortex. These results are the first demonstration of an involvement of inferotemporal cortex in verbal working memory. They provide neurophysiological support for the notion that nonphonological language representations can be recruited in the service of verbal working memory. More generally, they suggest that verbal working memory should be conceptualized as the frontally-guided, sustained activation of pre-existing cortical language representations.
- Hernandez, A. E., & Fiebach, C. J. (2006). The Brain Bases of Reading Late Learned Words: Evidence from Functional MRI. Visual Cognition, 13(7-8), 1027–1043. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280544000183
@article{hernandezBrainBasesReading2006, title = {The Brain Bases of Reading Late Learned Words: {{Evidence}} from Functional {{MRI}}}, shorttitle = {The Brain Bases of Reading Late Learned Words}, author = {Hernandez, Arturo E. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2006}, month = may, journal = {Visual Cognition}, volume = {13}, number = {7-8}, pages = {1027--1043}, publisher = {Routledge}, issn = {1350-6285}, doi = {10.1080/13506280544000183}, urldate = {2024-03-27} }Abstract
Age of acquisition (AoA) effects for reading have been documented in the literature. Recent studies have suggested that more effortful phonological retrieval is involved in picture naming for late learned words. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the neuroanatomical correlates of AoA effects in reading, and to explore whether AoA effects in the brain modulate activity in areas devoted to phonological processing. Participants were asked to covertly name blocks of early and late learned words while being scanned with functional MRI. Results revealed a relative increase in neural activity for late learned words in a set of brain areas involved in auditory-phonological processing (the planum temporale of the posterior-superior left temporal lobe) and articulatory motor planning (BA 44, putamen, and globus pallidus). These findings support the view that late learned words involve more effortful phonological retrieval, but in addition point to a second locus of the AoA effect in the articulatory component of the reading system.
2007
- Fiebach, C. J., Ricker, B., Friederici, A. D., & Jacobs, A. M. (2007). Inhibition and Facilitation in Visual Word Recognition: Prefrontal Contribution to the Orthographic Neighborhood Size Effect. NeuroImage, 36(3), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.004
@article{fiebachInhibitionFacilitationVisual2007, title = {Inhibition and Facilitation in Visual Word Recognition: Prefrontal Contribution to the Orthographic Neighborhood Size Effect}, shorttitle = {Inhibition and Facilitation in Visual Word Recognition}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Ricker, Brigitte and Friederici, Angela D. and Jacobs, Arthur M.}, year = {2007}, month = jul, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {36}, number = {3}, pages = {901--911}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.004}, langid = {english}, pmid = {17498973}, keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Female,Humans,Language,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Prefrontal Cortex,Reading,Recognition Psychology} }Abstract
The recognition of words is a central component of language processing. A major role for visual word recognition has been attributed to the orthographic neighbors of a word, i.e., words that are orthographically similar to a target word. It has been demonstrated that the presence of orthographic neighbors facilitates the recognition of words, but hinders the rejection of nonwords. It is therefore assumed that representations of orthographic neighbors are at least partially activated during word recognition, and that they influence word recognition depending on the specific task context. In the present study, we used fMRI to examine the neural bases of the effect of orthographic neighborhood size on speeded lexical decisions to words and nonwords. Our results demonstrate lexicality x neighborhood size interactions in mid-dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting the involvement of a domain-general, extra-lexical process for orthographic neighborhood effects on word and nonword processing. This result challenges computational models that offer purely lexical accounts of the orthographic neighborhood effect and suggests an important role for executive control functions during visual word recognition.
- Fiebach, C. J., Friederici, A. D., Smith, E. E., & Swinney, D. (2007). Lateral Inferotemporal Cortex Maintains Conceptual-Semantic Representations in Verbal Working Memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(12), 2035–2049. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.2035
@article{fiebachLateralInferotemporalCortex2007, title = {Lateral Inferotemporal Cortex Maintains Conceptual-Semantic Representations in Verbal Working Memory}, author = {Fiebach, Christian J. and Friederici, Angela D. and Smith, Edward E. and Swinney, David}, year = {2007}, month = dec, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {2035--2049}, issn = {0898-929X}, doi = {10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.2035}, langid = {english}, pmid = {17892385}, keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Concept Formation,Female,Frontal Lobe,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Male,Memory Short-Term,Oxygen,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Semantics,Task Performance and Analysis,Temporal Lobe,Verbal Behavior} }Abstract
Verbal working memory, that is, the temporary maintenance of linguistic information in an activated state, is typically assumed to rely on phonological representations. Recent evidence from behavioral, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological studies, however, suggests that conceptual-semantic representations may also be maintained in an activated state. We developed a new semantic working memory task that involves the maintenance of a novel conceptual combination. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired during the maintenance of conceptual combinations, relative to an item recognition task without the possibility of conceptual combination, demonstrate increased activation in the posterior left middle and inferior temporal gyri (known to be involved in conceptual representations) and left inferior frontal gyrus (known to be involved in semantic control processes). We suggest that this temporo-frontal system supports maintenance of conceptual information in working memory, with the frontal regions controlling the sustained activation of heteromodal conceptual representations in the inferior temporal cortex.
2008
- Aziz-Zadeh, L., Fiebach, C. J., Naranayan, S., Feldman, J., Dodge, E., & Ivry, R. B. (2008). Modulation of the FFA and PPA by Language Related to Faces and Places. Social Neuroscience, 3(3-4), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910701414604
@article{aziz-zadehModulationFFAPPA2008, title = {Modulation of the {{FFA}} and {{PPA}} by Language Related to Faces and Places}, author = {{Aziz-Zadeh}, Lisa and Fiebach, Christian J. and Naranayan, Srini and Feldman, Jerome and Dodge, Ellen and Ivry, Richard B.}, year = {2008}, journal = {Social Neuroscience}, volume = {3}, number = {3-4}, pages = {229--238}, issn = {1747-0927}, doi = {10.1080/17470910701414604}, langid = {english}, pmid = {18979378}, keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adolescent,Adult,Brain Mapping,Cerebral Cortex,Comprehension,Face,Female,Functional Laterality,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Oxygen,Parahippocampal Gyrus,Psycholinguistics,Semantics,Young Adult} }Abstract
Does sentence comprehension related to faces modulate activity in the fusiform face area (FFA) and does sentence comprehension related to places modulate activity in the parahippocampal place area (PPA)? We investigated this question in an fMRI experiment. Participants listened to sentences describing faces, places, or objects, with the latter serving as a control condition. In a separate run, we localized the FFA and PPA in each participant using a perceptual task. We observed a significant interaction between the region of interest (FFA vs. PPA) and sentence type (face vs. place). Activity in the left FFA was modulated by face sentences and in the left PPA was modulated by place sentences. Surprisingly, activation in each region of interest was reduced when listening to sentences requiring semantic analysis related to that region’s domain specificity. No modulation was found in the corresponding right hemisphere ROIs. We conclude that processing sentences may involve inhibition of some visual processing areas in a content-specific manner. Furthermore, our data indicate that this semantic-based modulation is restricted to the left hemisphere. We discuss how these results may constrain neural models of embodied semantics.
- Montag, C., Basten, U., Stelzel, C., Fiebach, C. J., & Reuter, M. (2008). The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Smoking. Neuroscience Letters, 442(1), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.064
@article{montagBDNFVal66MetPolymorphism2008, title = {The {{BDNF Val66Met}} Polymorphism and Smoking}, author = {Montag, Christian and Basten, Ulrike and Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian J. and Reuter, Martin}, year = {2008}, month = sep, journal = {Neuroscience Letters}, volume = {442}, number = {1}, pages = {30--33}, issn = {0304-3940}, doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.064}, langid = {english}, pmid = {18602452}, keywords = {Adult,Behavior Addictive,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor,Female,Humans,Male,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Polymorphism Single Nucleotide,Smoking} }Abstract
Although the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been mainly investigated in the context of depression and anxiety disorders, several studies also suggest an association between BDNF and smoking. BDNF represents a protein which crucially influences several processes in the cell ranging from growth to apoptosis. A functional variant of the BDNF gene - the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism - is one of the main targets in BDNF research because of its influence on BDNF secretion. Recently an association between the 66Met allele and smoking has been reported in a sample of 320 Caucasians. The aim of the present study was to replicate this association in a sample nearly twice as large consisting of N=614 German Caucasian participants. A link between smoking and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism could not be found in our data.
2009
- Reuter, M., Weber, B., Fiebach, C., Elger, C., & Montag, C. (2009). The Biological Basis of Anger: Associations with the Gene Coding for DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) and with Amygdala Volume. Behavioural Brain Research, 202, 179–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.032
@article{reuterBiologicalBasisAnger2009, title = {The Biological Basis of Anger: {{Associations}} with the Gene Coding for {{DARPP-32}} ({{PPP1R1B}}) and with Amygdala Volume}, shorttitle = {The Biological Basis of Anger}, author = {Reuter, Martin and Weber, Bernd and Fiebach, Christian and Elger, Christian and Montag, Christian}, year = {2009}, month = oct, journal = {Behavioural brain research}, volume = {202}, pages = {179--83}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.032} }Abstract
Recent findings have highlighted the importance of DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa), a key regulatory molecule in the dopaminergic signalling pathway for dopamine related phenotypes like antisocial-behavior, drug addiction and schizophrenia. This is the first study investigating the role of the DARPP-32 gene for personality. In a sample of n=838 healthy German Caucasian subjects we found a significant association between rs907094 and ANGER. Carriers of the T-allele showed significantly higher ANGER scores than participants without a T-allele (F((1,837))=9.52, p=0.002). In a second step we validated self-report data of ANGER by investigating their relation to structural brain differences in anger-related brain regions using voxel-based morphometry. A negative association between ANGER scores and the volume of the left amygdala could be detected. The present findings yield genetic evidence for the importance of dopaminergic signal transduction for the personality trait of ANGER. In addition volumetric MRI data support the role of the amygdala for the processing of anger.
2010
- Basten, U., Biele, G., Heekeren, H. R., & Fiebach, C. J. (2010). How the Brain Integrates Costs and Benefits during Decision Making. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(50), 21767–21772. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908104107
@article{bastenHowBrainIntegrates2010, title = {How the Brain Integrates Costs and Benefits during Decision Making}, author = {Basten, Ulrike and Biele, Guido and Heekeren, Hauke R. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2010}, month = dec, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {107}, number = {50}, pages = {21767--21772}, issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0908104107}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\RT8IL3V6\Basten et al. - 2010 - How the brain integrates costs and benefits during.pdf} }Abstract
When we make decisions, the benefits of an option often need to be weighed against accompanying costs. Little is known, however, about the neural systems underlying such cost–benefit computations. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and choice modeling, we show that decision making based on cost–benefit comparison can be explained as a stochastic accumulation of cost–benefit difference. Model-driven functional MRI shows that ventromedial and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compare costs and benefits by computing the difference between neural signatures of anticipated benefits and costs from the ventral striatum and amygdala, respectively. Moreover, changes in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the bilateral middle intraparietal sulcus reflect the accumulation of the difference signal from ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In sum, we show that a neurophysiological mechanism previously established for perceptual decision making, that is, the difference-based accumulation of evidence, is fundamental also in value-based decisions. The brain, thus, weighs costs against benefits by combining neural benefit and cost signals into a single, difference-based neural representation of net value, which is accumulated over time until the individual decides to accept or reject an option.
- Montag, C., Basten, U., Stelzel, C., Fiebach, C. J., & Reuter, M. (2010). The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Anxiety: Support for Animal Knock-in Studies from a Genetic Association Study in Humans. Psychiatry Research, 179(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.08.005
@article{montagBDNFVal66MetPolymorphism2010, title = {The {{BDNF Val66Met}} Polymorphism and Anxiety: Support for Animal Knock-in Studies from a Genetic Association Study in Humans}, shorttitle = {The {{BDNF Val66Met}} Polymorphism and Anxiety}, author = {Montag, Christian and Basten, Ulrike and Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian J. and Reuter, Martin}, year = {2010}, month = aug, journal = {Psychiatry Research}, volume = {179}, number = {1}, pages = {86--90}, issn = {0165-1781}, doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2008.08.005}, langid = {english}, pmid = {20478625}, keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Anxiety,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor,Female,Genome-Wide Association Study,Genotype,Humans,Male,Methionine,Multivariate Analysis,Polymorphism Single Nucleotide,Self-Injurious Behavior,Sex Factors,Valine,Young Adult} }Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in depression and anxiety. The discovery of a functional variant of the BDNF gene–the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism–led to new insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying these emotional disorders. Although there is evidence from animal research that the homozygous BDNF 66Met variant is associated with anxiety-like behaviour, findings from personality research using self-report-measures as indicators of trait anxiety are heterogenous. Recent seminal findings from a study using a knock-in mouse design suggest that this Met66Met group is of particular interest for the investigation of the molecular genetic mechanisms of anxiety and anxiety-related personality traits in humans. In a sample of 610 Caucasian participants, subjects homozygous for the 66Met allele scored significantly higher than Val66 allele carriers on anxiety-related facets of the construct ’harm avoidance’ (i.e., ’anticipatory worry’ and ’fear of uncertainty’) of the Temperament and Character Inventory. This finding adds to a small plurality of studies that associates the 66Met allele, rather than the Val66 allele, with higher anxiety scores. Importantly, the present results furthermore suggest that it is the occurrence of not one but two 66Met alleles that is associated with high trait anxiety.
- Montag, C., Markett, S., Basten, U., Stelzel, C., Fiebach, C., Canli, T., & Reuter, M. (2010). Epistasis of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq Ia and the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Impacts Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(9), 1860–1867. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.55
@article{montagEpistasisDRD2ANKK12010, title = {Epistasis of the {{DRD2}}/{{ANKK1 Taq Ia}} and the {{BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Impacts Novelty Seeking}} and {{Harm Avoidance}}}, author = {Montag, Christian and Markett, Sebastian and Basten, Ulrike and Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian and Canli, Turhan and Reuter, Martin}, year = {2010}, month = aug, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {35}, number = {9}, pages = {1860--1867}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2010.55}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {2010 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, langid = {english}, keywords = {Genetic variation,Personality}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\USG6E9JT\Montag et al. - 2010 - Epistasis of the DRD2ANKK1 Taq Ia and the BDNF Va.pdf} }Abstract
Mounting evidence from animal studies show that the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways are modulated by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This study investigates in N=768 healthy Caucasian participants the influence of two prominent functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the BDNF gene (BDNF Val66Met SNP) and the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene (DRD2 Taq Ia/ANKK1 SNP) on the personality traits of Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, which are mediated, in part, through dopaminergic mesolimbic circuitry. Carriers of the 66Met+/A1+ variant scored lowest on Novelty Seeking and highest on Harm Avoidance, compared to all other genotype groups. These participants are characterized by a relatively low D2 receptor density in the striatum and an impaired activity-dependent secretion of BDNF. This is one of the first genetic association studies to show a modulatory role for BDNF genetic variation on genetically mediated differences in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in the context of human personality.
- Simon, J. J., Walther, S., Fiebach, C. J., Friederich, H.-C., Stippich, C., Weisbrod, M., & Kaiser, S. (2010). Neural Reward Processing Is Modulated by Approach- and Avoidance-Related Personality Traits. NeuroImage, 49(2), 1868–1874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.016
@article{simonNeuralRewardProcessing2010, title = {Neural Reward Processing Is Modulated by Approach- and Avoidance-Related Personality Traits}, author = {Simon, Joe J. and Walther, Stephan and Fiebach, Christian J. and Friederich, Hans-Christoph and Stippich, Christoph and Weisbrod, Matthias and Kaiser, Stefan}, year = {2010}, month = jan, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {1868--1874}, issn = {1095-9572}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.016}, langid = {english}, pmid = {19770056}, keywords = {Brain,Brain Mapping,Cues,Executive Function,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Neuropsychological Tests,Personality,Personality Tests,Psychometrics,Reaction Time,Reward,Surveys and Questionnaires,Task Performance and Analysis,Young Adult} }Abstract
The neural processing of reward can be differentiated into two sub-components with different functions, "wanting" (i.e., the expectation of a reward which includes appetitive and motivational components) and "liking" (i.e., the hedonic impact experienced during the receipt of a reward), involving distinct neural systems. We hypothesize that variability in neural reward processing previously observed in healthy subjects could reflect inter-individual differences in personality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how the neural processing during expectation and reception of a reward depends on interpersonal differences in reward sensitivity, more specifically the tendency to approach vs. avoid reward-related situations. We employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task. Subjects with a high approach motivation showed more activation of the Ventral Striatum (VS) during the receipt of a reward, and more medial orbitofrontal activity during both the receipt and omission of a reward. Subjects with a high behavioral inhibition showed less activation in the VS during the receipt of a reward. These findings indicate that the tendency to approach or avoid reward-related situations exhibits a distinct relation with neural reward processing. Specifically, subjects with high behavioral approach appear to be sensitive mainly to positive outcomes and to a lesser extent to the omissions of rewards, whereas subjects with low behavioral approach as well as those with a high inhibition tendency display a blunted response to rewards.
- Stelzel, C., Basten, U., Montag, C., Reuter, M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2010). Frontostriatal Involvement in Task Switching Depends on Genetic Differences in D2 Receptor Density. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(42), 14205–14212. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1062-10.2010
@article{stelzelFrontostriatalInvolvementTask2010, title = {Frontostriatal {{Involvement}} in {{Task Switching Depends}} on {{Genetic Differences}} in {{D2 Receptor Density}}}, author = {Stelzel, Christine and Basten, Ulrike and Montag, Christian and Reuter, Martin and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2010}, month = oct, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {30}, number = {42}, pages = {14205--14212}, issn = {0270-6474}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1062-10.2010}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC6634769}, pmid = {20962241}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\JYTMW8DM\Stelzel et al. - 2010 - Frontostriatal Involvement in Task Switching Depen.pdf} }Abstract
Recent studies suggest an association of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability with flexibility in reward-based learning. We extend these results by demonstrating an association of genetically based differences in DRD2 density with the ability to intentionally switch between nonrewarded tasks: noncarriers of the A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIa polymorphism, associated with higher DRD2 density, show increased task-switching costs, increased prefrontal switching activity in the inferior frontal junction area, and increased functional connectivity in dorsal frontostriatal circuits, relative to A1 allele carriers. A DRD2 haplotype analysis in the same sample confirmed these results, indicating an association between high D2 density and increased task-switching effort. Our results provide evidence that converges with that from association studies relating increased D2 density to deficits in cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia. We suggest that individual differences in striatal D2 signaling in healthy humans modulate goal-directed gating to prefrontal cortex, thus leading to individual differences in switching intentionally to newly relevant behaviors.
2011
- Basten, U., Stelzel, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2011). Trait Anxiety Modulates the Neural Efficiency of Inhibitory Control. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 3132–3145. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00003
@article{bastenTraitAnxietyModulates2011, title = {Trait {{Anxiety Modulates}} the {{Neural Efficiency}} of {{Inhibitory Control}}}, author = {Basten, Ulrike and Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2011}, month = oct, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {23}, number = {10}, pages = {3132--3145}, issn = {0898-929X, 1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00003}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\3N5BQGUF\Basten et al. - 2011 - Trait Anxiety Modulates the Neural Efficiency of I.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract An impairment of attentional control in the face of threat-related distracters is well established for high-anxious individuals. Beyond that, it has been hypothesized that high trait anxiety more generally impairs the neural efficiency of cognitive processes requiring attentional control—even in the absence of threat-related stimuli. Here, we use fMRI to show that trait anxiety indeed modulates brain activation and functional connectivities between task-relevant brain regions in an affectively neutral Stroop task. In high-anxious individuals, dorsolateral pFC showed stronger task-related activation and reduced coupling with posterior lateral frontal regions, dorsal ACC, and a word-sensitive area in the left fusiform gyrus. These results support the assumption that a general (i.e., not threat-specific) impairment of attentional control leads to reduced neural processing efficiency in anxious individuals. The increased dorsolateral pFC activation is interpreted as an attempt to compensate for suboptimal connectivity within the cortical network subserving task performance.
- Montag, C., Fiebach, C. J., Kirsch, P., & Reuter, M. (2011). Interaction of 5-HTTLPR and a Variation on the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Influences Negative Emotionality. Biological Psychiatry, 69(6), 601–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.026
@article{montagInteraction5HTTLPRVariation2011, title = {Interaction of 5-{{HTTLPR}} and a Variation on the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Influences Negative Emotionality}, author = {Montag, Christian and Fiebach, Christian J. and Kirsch, Peter and Reuter, Martin}, year = {2011}, month = mar, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {601--603}, issn = {1873-2402}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.026}, langid = {english}, pmid = {21183159}, keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Bereavement,Fear,Female,Humans,Male,Personality Assessment,Polymorphism Genetic,Receptors Oxytocin,Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins,Young Adult} }Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pharmacological studies indicate a functional interaction between the serotonergic and oxytocinergic system. METHODS: This study tested for an interaction of the prominent serotonin transporter polymorphism (SLC6A4) and an oxytocin receptor gene variation on individual differences in negative emotionality in healthy Caucasians (n = 750). RESULTS: Participants carrying both the homozygous LL-variant of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and the TT variant of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2268498 on the oxytocin receptor gene showed lowest scores on the personality dimensions Fear and Sadness of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales, as well as on an underlying factor Negative Emotionality. CONCLUSIONS: The observed interaction effect provides converging evidence from human molecular genetics that serotonergic and oxytocinergic neurotransmission are entwined and play a crucial role for human personality with implications for affective disorders.
- Stelzel, C., Basten, U., & Fiebach, C. J. (2011). Functional Connectivity Separates Switching Operations in the Posterior Lateral Frontal Cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(11), 3529–3539. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00062
@article{stelzelFunctionalConnectivitySeparates2011, title = {Functional Connectivity Separates Switching Operations in the Posterior Lateral Frontal Cortex}, author = {Stelzel, Christine and Basten, Ulrike and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2011}, month = nov, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {23}, number = {11}, pages = {3529--3539}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00062}, langid = {english}, pmid = {21568635}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance,Attention,Brain Mapping,Female,Frontal Lobe,Hand,Hippocampus,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Neural Pathways,Oxygen,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor Performance,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\3U5E2KMF\Stelzel et al. - 2011 - Functional connectivity separates switching operat.pdf} }Abstract
Task representations consist of different aspects such as the representations of the relevant stimuli, the abstract rules to be applied, and the actions to be performed. To be flexible in our daily lives, we frequently need to switch between some or all aspects of a task. In the present study, we examined whether switching between abstract task rules and switching between response hands is associated with overlapping regions in the posterior lateral frontal cortex and whether switching between these two aspects of a task representation is neurally implemented by distinct functional brain networks. Subjects performed a cue-based task-switching paradigm where the location of the task cue additionally specified the response hand to be used. Overlapping activity for switching between abstract rules versus response hands was present in the inferior frontal junction area of the posterolateral frontal cortex. This region, however, showed very distinct patterns of functional connectivity depending on the content of the switch: Increased functional connectivity with anterior prefrontal, superior frontal, and hippocampal regions was present for abstract rule switching, whereas response hand switching led to increased coupling with motor regions surrounding the central sulcus. These results reveal that a rather general involvement of the posterior lateral frontal cortex in different switching contexts can be further characterized by highly specific functional interactions with other task-relevant regions, depending on the content of the switch.
2012
- Armbruster, D. J. N., Ueltzhöffer, K., Basten, U., & Fiebach, C. J. (2012). Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Cognitive Flexibility and Stability. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(12), 2385–2399. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00286
@article{armbrusterPrefrontalCorticalMechanisms2012, title = {Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms Underlying Individual Differences in Cognitive Flexibility and Stability}, author = {Armbruster, Diana J. N. and Ueltzh{\"o}ffer, Kai and Basten, Ulrike and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2012}, month = dec, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {24}, number = {12}, pages = {2385--2399}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00286}, langid = {english}, pmid = {22905818}, keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Cognition,Cues,Female,Fixation Ocular,Humans,Individuality,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Nerve Net,Neural Pathways,Prefrontal Cortex,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\EBNMIXJG\Armbruster et al. - 2012 - Prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying individu.pdf} }Abstract
The pFC is critical for cognitive flexibility (i.e., our ability to flexibly adjust behavior to changing environmental demands), but also for cognitive stability (i.e., our ability to follow behavioral plans in the face of distraction). Behavioral research suggests that individuals differ in their cognitive flexibility and stability, and neurocomputational theories of working memory relate this variability to the concept of attractor stability in recurrently connected neural networks. We introduce a novel task paradigm to simultaneously assess flexible switching between task rules (cognitive flexibility) and task performance in the presence of irrelevant distractors (cognitive stability) and to furthermore assess the individual "spontaneous switching rate" in response to ambiguous stimuli to quantify the individual dispositional cognitive flexibility in a theoretically motivated way (i.e., as a proxy for attractor stability). Using fMRI in healthy human participants, a common network consisting of parietal and frontal areas was found for task switching and distractor inhibition. More flexible persons showed reduced activation and reduced functional coupling in frontal areas, including the inferior frontal junction, during task switching. Most importantly, the individual spontaneous switching rate antagonistically affected the functional coupling between inferior frontal junction and the superior frontal gyrus during task switching and distractor inhibition, respectively, indicating that individual differences in cognitive flexibility and stability are indeed related to a common prefrontal neural mechanism. We suggest that the concept of attractor stability of prefrontal working memory networks is a meaningful model for individual differences in cognitive stability versus flexibility.
- Basten, U., Stelzel, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2012). Trait Anxiety and the Neural Efficiency of Manipulation in Working Memory. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12(3), 571–588. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-012-0100-3
@article{bastenTraitAnxietyNeural2012, title = {Trait Anxiety and the Neural Efficiency of Manipulation in Working Memory}, author = {Basten, Ulrike and Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2012}, journal = {Cognitive, Affective \& Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {571--588}, issn = {1530-7026}, doi = {10.3758/s13415-012-0100-3}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC3400031}, pmid = {22644759}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\XXLKVV74\Basten et al. - 2012 - Trait anxiety and the neural efficiency of manipul.pdf} }Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of trait anxiety on the neural efficiency of working memory component functions (manipulation vs. maintenance) in the absence of threat-related stimuli. For the manipulation of affectively neutral verbal information held in working memory, high- and low-anxious individuals (N = 46) did not differ in their behavioral performance, yet trait anxiety was positively related to the neural effort expended on task processing, as measured by BOLD signal changes in fMRI. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with stronger activation in two regions implicated in the goal-directed control of attention—that is, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left inferior frontal sulcus—and with stronger deactivation in a region assigned to the brain’s default-mode network—that is, rostral–ventral anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, anxiety was associated with a stronger functional coupling of right DLPFC with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. We interpret our findings as reflecting reduced processing efficiency in high-anxious individuals and point out the need to consider measures of functional integration in addition to measures of regional activation strength when investigating individual differences in neural efficiency. With respect to the functions of working memory, we conclude that anxiety specifically impairs the processing efficiency of (control-demanding) manipulation processes (as opposed to mere maintenance). Notably, this study contributes to an accumulating body of evidence showing that anxiety also affects cognitive processing in the absence of threat-related stimuli.
- Buckert, M., Kudielka, B. M., Reuter, M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2012). The COMT Val158Met Polymorphism Modulates Working Memory Performance under Acute Stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(11), 1810–1821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.014
@article{buckertCOMTVal158MetPolymorphism2012, title = {The {{COMT Val158Met}} Polymorphism Modulates Working Memory Performance under Acute Stress}, author = {Buckert, Magdalena and Kudielka, Brigitte M. and Reuter, Martin and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2012}, month = nov, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {37}, number = {11}, pages = {1810--1821}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.014}, langid = {english}, pmid = {22503421}, keywords = {Adult,Catechol O-Methyltransferase,Female,Homozygote,Humans,Male,Memory Short-Term,Methionine,Neuropsychological Tests,Polymorphism Genetic,Prefrontal Cortex,Stress Psychological,Valine,Young Adult} }Abstract
BACKGROUND: One of the most widely studied genetic polymorphisms regarding cognitive and emotional phenotypes is the COMT Val158Met polymorphism that influences dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC is the key brain structure for higher cognitive functions such as working memory, as well as an important regulatory site and target of the psychoendocrine stress response. Dopamine is thought to influence PFC functions in an inverted u-shaped manner. Thus, a stress-related increase in prefrontal dopamine is hypothesized to exert differential effects on working memory performance depending on the genetically determined baseline dopamine level in the PFC. METHOD: Thirty-three healthy young subjects homozygous for the COMT Val158Met polymorphism were selected from a larger pre-genotyped sample. They performed an n-back working memory task after exposure to a laboratory psychosocial stress induction paradigm (The Trier Social Stress Test for Groups; TSST-G). RESULTS: Under stress, working memory performance of Met homozygotes was significantly worse than working memory performance of Val homozygotes. Importantly, this genotype effect was restricted to the medium difficulty level of the n-back task. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that working memory performance under stress is influenced by genetic variation in prefrontal dopamine levels. More generally, our results point to the importance of considering the complex interaction of genes, environment, and task variables.
- Derrfuss, J., Vogt, V. L., Fiebach, C. J., Von Cramon, D. Y., & Tittgemeyer, M. (2012). Functional Organization of the Left Inferior Precentral Sulcus: Dissociating the Inferior Frontal Eye Field and the Inferior Frontal Junction. NeuroImage, 59(4), 3829–3837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.051
@article{derrfussFunctionalOrganizationLeft2012, title = {Functional Organization of the Left Inferior Precentral Sulcus: {{Dissociating}} the Inferior Frontal Eye Field and the Inferior Frontal Junction}, shorttitle = {Functional Organization of the Left Inferior Precentral Sulcus}, author = {Derrfuss, J. and Vogt, V.L. and Fiebach, C.J. and Von Cramon, D.Y. and Tittgemeyer, M.}, year = {2012}, month = feb, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {3829--3837}, issn = {10538119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.051}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/}, langid = {english} } - Ekman, M., Derrfuss, J., Tittgemeyer, M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2012). Predicting Errors from Reconfiguration Patterns in Human Brain Networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(41), 16714–16719. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207523109
@article{ekmanPredictingErrorsReconfiguration2012, title = {Predicting Errors from Reconfiguration Patterns in Human Brain Networks}, author = {Ekman, Matthias and Derrfuss, Jan and Tittgemeyer, Marc and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2012}, month = oct, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {109}, number = {41}, pages = {16714--16719}, issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1207523109}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\4ZMIPJLP\Ekman et al. - 2012 - Predicting errors from reconfiguration patterns in.pdf} }Abstract
Task preparation is a complex cognitive process that implements anticipatory adjustments to facilitate future task performance. Little is known about quantitative network parameters governing this process in humans. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional connectivity measurements, we show that the large-scale topology of the brain network involved in task preparation shows a pattern of dynamic reconfigurations that guides optimal behavior. This network could be decomposed into two distinct topological structures, an error-resilient core acting as a major hub that integrates most of the network’s communication and a predominantly sensory periphery showing more flexible network adaptations. During task preparation, core–periphery interactions were dynamically adjusted. Task-relevant visual areas showed a higher topological proximity to the network core and an enhancement in their local centrality and interconnectivity. Failure to reconfigure the network topology was predictive for errors, indicating that anticipatory network reconfigurations are crucial for successful task performance. On the basis of a unique network decoding approach, we also develop a general framework for the identification of characteristic patterns in complex networks, which is applicable to other fields in neuroscience that relate dynamic network properties to behavior.
- Gilbert, S. J., Armbruster, D. J. N., & Panagiotidi, M. (2012). Similarity between Brain Activity at Encoding and Retrieval Predicts Successful Realization of Delayed Intentions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(1), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00094
@article{gilbertSimilarityBrainActivity2012, title = {Similarity between Brain Activity at Encoding and Retrieval Predicts Successful Realization of Delayed Intentions}, author = {Gilbert, Sam J. and Armbruster, Diana J. N. and Panagiotidi, Maria}, year = {2012}, month = jan, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {93--105}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00094}, langid = {english}, pmid = {21736451}, keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Brain,Cerebral Cortex,Cues,Female,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Intention,Learning,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time,Reading,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\HQGJCFJB\Gilbert et al. - 2012 - Similarity between brain activity at encoding and .pdf} }Abstract
Remembering delayed intentions can be highly demanding. Accuracy in laboratory paradigms assessing prospective memory (PM) is typically well below ceiling, and failure to remember intended behaviors after a delay is a common occurrence in everyday life. However, relatively little is known of the potential differences in brain activity that distinguish successful versus unsuccessful PM. In this fMRI study, participants repeatedly encoded, stored, and then had the opportunity to retrieve intended behaviors while engaged in a distracting ongoing task. This yielded a success rate of approximately two thirds. Overall levels of brain activity distinguished successful versus unsuccessful trials at all three stages (encoding, storage, and retrieval), suggesting multiple neural determinants of PM success. In addition, the voxelwise similarity between patterns of brain activity at encoding and retrieval was greater for successful than unsuccessful trials. This was true even in posterior cingulate, which showed opposite patterns of signal change between encoding and retrieval. Thus, successful realization of delayed intentions may be associated with reinstatement of encoding context at the time of retrieval.
- Hummel, D., Rudolf, A. K., Brandi, M.-L., Untch, K.-H., Grabhorn, R., Hampel, H., & Mohr, H. M. (2012). Neural Adaptation to Thin and Fat Bodies in the Fusiform Body Area and Middle Occipital Gyrus: An fMRI Adaptation Study. Human Brain Mapping, 34(12), 3233–3246. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22135
@article{hummelNeuralAdaptationThin2012, title = {Neural Adaptation to Thin and Fat Bodies in the Fusiform Body Area and Middle Occipital Gyrus: {{An fMRI}} Adaptation Study}, shorttitle = {Neural Adaptation to Thin and Fat Bodies in the Fusiform Body Area and Middle Occipital Gyrus}, author = {Hummel, Dennis and Rudolf, Anne K. and Brandi, Marie-Luise and Untch, Karl-Heinz and Grabhorn, Ralph and Hampel, Harald and Mohr, Harald M.}, year = {2012}, month = jul, journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, volume = {34}, number = {12}, pages = {3233--3246}, issn = {1065-9471}, doi = {10.1002/hbm.22135}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC6870049}, pmid = {22807338}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\3NYMKZLH\Hummel et al. - 2012 - Neural adaptation to thin and fat bodies in the fu.pdf} }Abstract
Visual perception can be strongly biased due to exposure to specific stimuli in the environment, often causing neural adaptation and visual aftereffects. In this study, we investigated whether adaptation to certain body shapes biases the perception of the own body shape. Furthermore, we aimed to evoke neural adaptation to certain body shapes. Participants completed a behavioral experiment (n = 14) to rate manipulated pictures of their own bodies after adaptation to demonstratively thin or fat pictures of their own bodies. The same stimuli were used in a second experiment (n = 16) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation. In the behavioral experiment, after adapting to a thin picture of the own body participants also judged a thinner than actual body picture to be the most realistic and vice versa, resembling a typical aftereffect. The fusiform body area (FBA) and the right middle occipital gyrus (rMOG) show neural adaptation to specific body shapes while the extrastriate body area (EBA) bilaterally does not. The rMOG cluster is highly selective for bodies and perhaps body parts. The findings of the behavioral experiment support the existence of a perceptual body shape aftereffect, resulting from a specific adaptation to thin and fat pictures of one’s own body. The fMRI results imply that body shape adaptation occurs in the FBA and the rMOG. The role of the EBA in body shape processing remains unclear. The results are also discussed in the light of clinical body image disturbances. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3233–3246, 2013. \copyright 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Hummel, D., Rudolf, A. K., Untch, K.-H., Grabhorn, R., & Mohr, H. M. (2012). Visual Adaptation to Thin and Fat Bodies Transfers across Identity. PloS One, 7(8), e43195. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043195
@article{hummelVisualAdaptationThin2012, title = {Visual Adaptation to Thin and Fat Bodies Transfers across Identity}, author = {Hummel, Dennis and Rudolf, Anne K. and Untch, Karl-Heinz and Grabhorn, Ralph and Mohr, Harald M.}, year = {2012}, journal = {PloS One}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {e43195}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0043195}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC3419644}, pmid = {22905232}, keywords = {Adult,Body Image,Body Mass Index,Feeding and Eating Disorders,Female,Human Body,Humans,Perception,Self Concept,Visual Perception}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\53F32SII\Hummel et al. - 2012 - Visual adaptation to thin and fat bodies transfers.pdf} }Abstract
Visual perception is highly variable and can be influenced by the surrounding world. Previous research has revealed that body perception can be biased due to adaptation to thin or fat body shapes. The aim of the present study was to show that adaptation to certain body shapes and the resulting perceptual biases transfer across different identities of adaptation and test stimuli. We designed two similar adaptation experiments in which healthy female participants adapted to pictures of either thin or fat bodies and subsequently compared more or less distorted pictures of their own body to their actual body shape. In the first experiment (n = 16) the same identity was used as adaptation and test stimuli (i.e. pictures of the participant’s own body) while in the second experiment (n = 16) we used pictures of unfamiliar thin or fat bodies as adaptation stimuli. We found comparable adaptation effects in both experiments: After adaptation to a thin body, participants rated a thinner than actual body picture to be the most realistic and vice versa. We therefore assume that adaptation to certain body shapes transfers across different identities. These results raise the questions of whether some type of natural adaptation occurs in everyday life. Natural and predominant exposure to certain bodily features like body shape–especially the thin ideal in Western societies–could bias perception for these features. In this regard, further research might shed light on aspects of body dissatisfaction and the development of body image disturbances in terms of eating disorders.
- Linkersdörfer, J., Lonnemann, J., Lindberg, S., Hasselhorn, M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2012). Grey Matter Alterations Co-Localize with Functional Abnormalities in Developmental Dyslexia: An ALE Meta-Analysis. PloS One, 7(8), e43122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043122
@article{linkersdorferGreyMatterAlterations2012, title = {Grey Matter Alterations Co-Localize with Functional Abnormalities in Developmental Dyslexia: An {{ALE}} Meta-Analysis}, shorttitle = {Grey Matter Alterations Co-Localize with Functional Abnormalities in Developmental Dyslexia}, author = {Linkersd{\"o}rfer, Janosch and Lonnemann, Jan and Lindberg, Sven and Hasselhorn, Marcus and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2012}, journal = {PloS One}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {e43122}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0043122}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC3423424}, pmid = {22916214}, keywords = {Brain,Dyslexia,Humans,Likelihood Functions}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\IBSA7DWX\Linkersdörfer et al. - 2012 - Grey matter alterations co-localize with functiona.pdf} }Abstract
The neural correlates of developmental dyslexia have been investigated intensively over the last two decades and reliable evidence for a dysfunction of left-hemispheric reading systems in dyslexic readers has been found in functional neuroimaging studies. In addition, structural imaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated grey matter reductions in dyslexics in several brain regions. To objectively assess the consistency of these findings, we performed activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on nine published VBM studies reporting 62 foci of grey matter reduction in dyslexic readers. We found six significant clusters of convergence in bilateral temporo-parietal and left occipito-temporal cortical regions and in the cerebellum bilaterally. To identify possible overlaps between structural and functional deviations in dyslexic readers, we conducted additional ALE meta-analyses of imaging studies reporting functional underactivations (125 foci from 24 studies) or overactivations (95 foci from 11 studies ) in dyslexics. Subsequent conjunction analyses revealed overlaps between the results of the VBM meta-analysis and the meta-analysis of functional underactivations in the fusiform and supramarginal gyri of the left hemisphere. An overlap between VBM results and the meta-analysis of functional overactivations was found in the left cerebellum. The results of our study provide evidence for consistent grey matter variations bilaterally in the dyslexic brain and substantial overlap of these structural variations with functional abnormalities in left hemispheric regions.
- Mayer, J. S., Fukuda, K., Vogel, E. K., & Park, S. (2012). Impaired Contingent Attentional Capture Predicts Reduced Working Memory Capacity in Schizophrenia. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e48586. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048586
@article{mayerImpairedContingentAttentional2012, title = {Impaired {{Contingent Attentional Capture Predicts Reduced Working Memory Capacity}} in {{Schizophrenia}}}, author = {Mayer, Jutta S. and Fukuda, Keisuke and Vogel, Edward K. and Park, Sohee}, editor = {Jiang, Tianzi}, year = {2012}, month = nov, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {7}, number = {11}, pages = {e48586}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0048586}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\6TCS8N4K\Mayer et al. - 2012 - Impaired Contingent Attentional Capture Predicts R.pdf} } - Mayer, J. S., & Park, S. (2012). Working Memory Encoding and False Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in a Spatial Delayed Response Task. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(3), 784–794. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028836
@article{mayerWorkingMemoryEncoding2012, title = {Working Memory Encoding and False Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in a Spatial Delayed Response Task}, author = {Mayer, Jutta S. and Park, Sohee}, year = {2012}, month = aug, journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology}, volume = {121}, number = {3}, pages = {784--794}, issn = {1939-1846}, doi = {10.1037/a0028836}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC4161120}, pmid = {22708888}, keywords = {Adult,Attention,Bipolar Disorder,Female,Humans,Male,Memory Short-Term,Middle Aged,Neuropsychological Tests,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Schizophrenic Psychology,Space Perception}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\A7DEFJTA\Mayer und Park - 2012 - Working memory encoding and false memory in schizo.pdf} }Abstract
Working memory (WM) impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, but the contributions of different WM components are not yet specified. Here, we investigated the potential role of inefficient encoding in reduced WM performance in patients with schizophrenia (PSZ). Twenty-eight PSZ, 16 patients with bipolar disorder (PBP), 16 unaffected and unmedicated relatives of PSZ (REL), and 29 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) performed a spatial delayed response task with either low or high WM demands. The demands on attentional selection were also manipulated by presenting distractor stimuli during encoding in some of the trials. After each trial, participants rated their level of response confidence. This allowed us to analyze different types of WM responses. WM was severely impaired in PSZ compared to HC; this reduction was mainly due to an increase in the amount of false memory responses (incorrect responses that were given with high confidence) rather than an increase in the amount of incorrect and not-confident responses. Although PBP showed WM impairments, they did not have increased false memory errors. In contrast, reduced WM in REL was also accompanied by an increase in false memory errors. The presentation of distractors led to a decline in WM performance, which was comparable across groups indicating that attentional selection was intact in PSZ. These findings suggest that inefficient WM encoding is responsible for impaired WM in schizophrenia and point to differential mechanisms underlying WM impairments in PSZ and PBP.
2013
- Basten, U., Stelzel, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2013). Intelligence Is Differentially Related to Neural Effort in the Task-Positive and the Task-Negative Brain Network. Intelligence, 41(5), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.006
@article{bastenIntelligenceDifferentiallyRelated2013, title = {Intelligence Is Differentially Related to Neural Effort in the Task-Positive and the Task-Negative Brain Network}, author = {Basten, Ulrike and Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2013}, month = sep, journal = {Intelligence}, volume = {41}, number = {5}, pages = {517--528}, issn = {0160-2896}, doi = {10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.006}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, keywords = {Default mode network,fMRI,Functional brain networks,Intelligence,Neural efficiency} }Abstract
Previous studies on individual differences in intelligence and brain activation during cognitive processing focused on brain regions where activation increases with task demands (task-positive network, TPN). Our study additionally considers brain regions where activation decreases with task demands (task-negative network, TNN) and compares effects of intelligence on neural effort in the TPN and the TNN. In a sample of 52 healthy subjects, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine changes in neural effort associated with the processing of a working memory task. The task comprised three conditions of increasing difficulty: (a) maintenance, (b) manipulation, and (c) updating of a four-letter memory set. Neural effort was defined as signal increase in the TPN and signal decrease in the TNN, respectively. In both functional networks, TPN and TNN, neural effort increased with task difficulty. However, intelligence, as assessed with Raven’s Matrices, was differentially associated with neural effort in the TPN and TNN. In the TPN, we observed a positive association, while we observed a negative association in the TNN. In terms of neural efficiency (i.e., task performance in relation to neural effort expended on task processing), more intelligent subjects (as compared to less intelligent subjects) displayed lower neural efficiency in the TPN, while they displayed higher neural efficiency in the TNN. The results illustrate the importance of differentiating between TPN and TNN when interpreting correlations between intelligence and fMRI measures of brain activation. Importantly, this implies the risk of misinterpreting whole brain correlations when ignoring the functional differences between TPN and TNN.
- Korinth, S. P., Sommer, W., & Breznitz, Z. (2013). Neuronal Response Specificity as a Marker of Reading Proficiency: Two-Fold Nature of the N170 Revealed after Massive Repetition. Neuroreport, 24(2), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835d20b1
@article{korinthNeuronalResponseSpecificity2013, title = {Neuronal Response Specificity as a Marker of Reading Proficiency: Two-Fold Nature of the {{N170}} Revealed after Massive Repetition}, shorttitle = {Neuronal Response Specificity as a Marker of Reading Proficiency}, author = {Korinth, Sebastian P. and Sommer, Werner and Breznitz, Zvia}, year = {2013}, month = jan, journal = {Neuroreport}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {96--100}, issn = {1473-558X}, doi = {10.1097/WNR.0b013e32835d20b1}, langid = {english}, pmid = {23262470}, keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Brain,Brain Mapping,Evoked Potentials Visual,Female,Functional Laterality,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Male,Neurons,Pattern Recognition Visual,Photic Stimulation,Reading,Recognition Psychology,Young Adult} }Abstract
Reading demands precise and efficient letter and word processing. This event-related potentials (ERP) study utilized massive repetition of visually presented single letters to trigger neuronal adaptation. Our aim was to explore whether the adaptation pattern of the N170 ERP component, serving as an indicator of neuronal response specificity, would differ for two reader groups. Forty German students, divided at the median into slow and fast readers, accomplished a visual oddball paradigm. ERPs of standard stimuli were computed separately for the first, second, and third part of the experiment. ERP waveforms and independent component analyses showed two subcomponents within the N170 time window. For both reader groups, the ERP amplitudes decreased over the time course of the experiment; however, only faster readers showed a subcomponent-specific adaptation response, restricted to the earlier N170 part. Results may reflect different degrees of neuronal response specificity in slow and fast readers, which might serve as a promising indicator for interindividual differences in visual recognition tasks such as reading.
- Meital, N., Korinth, S. P., & Karni, A. (2013). Plasticity in the Adult Oculomotor System: Offline Consolidation Phase Gains in Saccade Sequence Learning. Brain Research, 1528, 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.013
@article{meitalPlasticityAdultOculomotor2013, title = {Plasticity in the Adult Oculomotor System: Offline Consolidation Phase Gains in Saccade Sequence Learning}, shorttitle = {Plasticity in the Adult Oculomotor System}, author = {Meital, Noya and Korinth, Sebastian Peter and Karni, Avi}, year = {2013}, month = aug, journal = {Brain Research}, volume = {1528}, pages = {42--48}, issn = {1872-6240}, doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.013}, langid = {english}, pmid = {23867864}, keywords = {Adaptation Physiological,Adult,AOI,area of interest,Consolidation,Female,Fixation,Humans,Learning phase.,Male,Memory,Oculomotor learning,Practice Psychological,Saccade,Saccades,successive volitional saccades,SVS,Young Adult} }Abstract
When do adults gain in learning an oculomotor sequence? Here we show that oculomotor training can result not only in performance gains within the training session, but also induce robust offline gains in both speed and accuracy. Participants were trained and tested over two consecutive days to perform a sequence of successive saccades. Saccades were directed to four target letters, presented simultaneously at fixed positions. A two alternative-forced choice question, after each trial, ensured that all targets were perceived. Eye tracking measures were tested at the beginning and end of the training session as well as at 24 h post-training. Practice resulted in within-session gains in accuracy and a reduction of target fixation duration (although total trial duration remained unchanged). In addition, the total average path length traveled by the eye increased, reflecting a decrease in undershoot saccades. At 24 h post-training, however, additional gains were expressed in both speed and accuracy of performance; the total trial duration as well as the fixation-position-offsets and the number of corrective saccades decreased. The expression of delayed gains indicates offline skill consolidation processes in the eye-movement control system. Our results show that the optimization of some aspect, specifically saccade speed parameters, of oculomotor sequence performance evolves mainly offline, during the post-training consolidation phase, a pattern suggestive of learning in an expert system.
- Stelzel, C., Fiebach, C. J., Cools, R., Tafazoli, S., & D’Esposito, M. (2013). Dissociable Fronto-Striatal Effects of Dopamine D2 Receptor Stimulation on Cognitive vs. Motor Flexibility. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 49(10), 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.04.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2013.04.002
@article{stelzelDissociableFrontostriatalEffects2013, title = {Dissociable Fronto-Striatal Effects of Dopamine {{D2}} Receptor Stimulation on Cognitive vs. Motor Flexibility}, author = {Stelzel, Christine and Fiebach, Christian J. and Cools, Roshan and Tafazoli, Sharwin and D'Esposito, Mark}, year = {2013}, journal = {Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior}, volume = {49}, number = {10}, pages = {10.1016/j.cortex.2013.04.002}, issn = {0010-9452}, doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2013.04.002}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC3795948}, pmid = {23660437}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\LSV5A2P3\Stelzel et al. - 2013 - Dissociable fronto-striatal effects of dopamine D2.pdf} }Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological studies suggest an important role of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) in flexible behavioral adaptation, mostly shown in reward-based learning paradigms. Recent evidence from imaging genetics indicates that also intentional cognitive flexibility, associated with lateral frontal cortex, is affected by variations in DRD2 signaling. In the present functional MRI study, we tested the effects of a direct pharmacological manipulation of DRD2 stimulation on intentional flexibility in a task-switching context, requiring switches between cognitive task rules and between response hands. In a double-blind, counterbalanced design, participants received either a low dose of the DRD2 agonist bromocriptine or a placebo in two separate sessions. Bromocriptine modulated BOLD signal during rule switching: rule-switching-related activity in the left posterior lateral frontal cortex and in the striatum was increased compared to placebo, at comparable performance levels. Fronto-striatal connectivity under bromocriptine was slightly increased for rule switches compared to rule repetitions. Hand-switching-related activity, in contrast, was reduced under bromocriptine in sensori-motor regions. Our results provide converging evidence for an involvement of DRD2 signaling in fronto-striatal mechanisms underlying intentional flexibility, and indicate that the neural mechanisms underlying different types of flexibility (cognitive vs. motor) are affected differently by increased dopaminergic stimulation.
2014
- Bonhage, C. E., Fiebach, C. J., Bahlmann, J., & Mueller, J. L. (2014). Brain Signature of Working Memory for Sentence Structure: Enriched Encoding and Facilitated Maintenance. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(8), 1654–1671. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00566
@article{bonhageBrainSignatureWorking2014, title = {Brain Signature of Working Memory for Sentence Structure: Enriched Encoding and Facilitated Maintenance}, shorttitle = {Brain Signature of Working Memory for Sentence Structure}, author = {Bonhage, Corinna E. and Fiebach, Christian J. and Bahlmann, J{\"o}rg and Mueller, Jutta L.}, year = {2014}, month = aug, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {26}, number = {8}, pages = {1654--1671}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00566}, langid = {english}, pmid = {24405186}, keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Cerebral Cortex,Female,Humans,Language,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory Short-Term,Young Adult} }Abstract
Sentences are easier to memorize than ungrammatical word strings, a phenomenon known as the sentence superiority effect. Yet, it is unclear how higher-order linguistic information facilitates verbal working memory and how this is implemented in the neural system. The goal of the current fMRI study was to specify the brain mechanisms underlying the sentence superiority effect during encoding and during maintenance in working memory by manipulating syntactic structure and working memory load. The encoding of sentence material, as compared with the encoding of ungrammatical word strings, recruited not only inferior frontal (BA 47) and anterior temporal language-related areas but also the medial-temporal lobe, which is not classically reported for language tasks. During maintenance, it was sentence structure as contrasted with ungrammatical word strings that led to activation decrease in Broca’s area, SMA, and parietal regions. Furthermore, in Broca’s area, an interaction effect revealed a load effect for ungrammatical word strings but not for sentences. The sentence superiority effect, thus, is neurally reflected in a twofold pattern, consisting of increased activation in classical language as well as memory areas during the encoding phase and decreased maintenance-related activation. This pattern reflects how chunking, based on sentential syntactic and semantic information, alleviates rehearsal demands and thus leads to improved working memory performance.
- Buckert, M., Schwieren, C., Kudielka, B. M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2014). Acute Stress Affects Risk Taking but Not Ambiguity Aversion. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 82. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00082
@article{buckertAcuteStressAffects2014, title = {Acute Stress Affects Risk Taking but Not Ambiguity Aversion}, author = {Buckert, Magdalena and Schwieren, Christiane and Kudielka, Brigitte M. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2014}, month = may, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, volume = {8}, pages = {82}, issn = {1662-4548}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2014.00082}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, pmcid = {PMC4018549}, pmid = {24834024}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\34WHMU6U\Buckert et al. - 2014 - Acute stress affects risk taking but not ambiguity.pdf} }Abstract
Economic decisions are often made in stressful situations (e.g., at the trading floor), but the effects of stress on economic decision making have not been systematically investigated so far. The present study examines how acute stress influences economic decision making under uncertainty (risk and ambiguity) using financially incentivized lotteries. We varied the domain of decision making as well as the expected value of the risky prospect. Importantly, no feedback was provided to investigate risk taking and ambiguity aversion independent from learning processes. In a sample of 75 healthy young participants, 55 of whom underwent a stress induction protocol (Trier Social Stress Test for Groups), we observed more risk seeking for gains. This effect was restricted to a subgroup of participants that showed a robust cortisol response to acute stress (n = 26). Gambling under ambiguity, in contrast to gambling under risk, was not influenced by the cortisol response to stress. These results show that acute psychosocial stress affects economic decision making under risk, independent of learning processes. Our results further point to the importance of cortisol as a mediator of this effect.
- Mayer, J. S., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2014). Failure to Benefit from Target Novelty during Encoding Contributes to Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 19(3), 268–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2013.854199
@article{mayerFailureBenefitTarget2014, title = {Failure to Benefit from Target Novelty during Encoding Contributes to Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia}, author = {Mayer, Jutta S. and Kim, Jejoong and Park, Sohee}, year = {2014}, journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychiatry}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {268--279}, issn = {1464-0619}, doi = {10.1080/13546805.2013.854199}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC3945723}, pmid = {24215367}, keywords = {Adult,Attention,Female,Humans,Male,Memory Disorders,Memory Short-Term,Middle Aged,Pattern Recognition Visual,Photic Stimulation,Schizophrenia,Space Perception,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\MUBM23VF\Mayer et al. - 2014 - Failure to benefit from target novelty during enco.pdf} }Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Although working memory (WM) impairments are well documented in schizophrenic patients (PSZ), the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of target salience during encoding to determine whether impaired visual attention in PSZ leads to poor WM. METHODS: Thirty-one PSZ and 28 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) performed a spatial delayed-response task. Attentional demands were manipulated during WM encoding by presenting high salient (novel) or low salient (familiar) targets. Participants also rated their level of response confidence at the end of each trial, allowing us to analyse different response types. RESULTS: WM was impaired in PSZ. Increasing target salience by increasing novelty improved WM performance in HC but not in PSZ. Poor WM performance in PSZ was largely due to an increase in the proportion of incorrect but high confident responses most likely reflecting a failure to encode the correct target. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that dysfunctions of non-mnemonic attentional processes during encoding contribute to WM impairments in schizophrenia and may represent an important target for cognitive remediation strategies.
- Richter, S. H., Vogel, A. S., UeltzhÃ\Pffer, K., Muzzillo, C., Vogt, M. A., Lankisch, K., Armbruster-GenÃ\S, D. J. N., Riva, M. A., Fiebach, C. J., Gass, P., & Vollmayr, B. (2014). Touchscreen-Paradigm for Mice Reveals Cross-Species Evidence for an Antagonistic Relationship of Cognitive Flexibility and Stability. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00154
@article{richterTouchscreenparadigmMiceReveals2014, title = {Touchscreen-Paradigm for Mice Reveals Cross-Species Evidence for an Antagonistic Relationship of Cognitive Flexibility and Stability}, author = {Richter, S. Helene and Vogel, Anne S. and Ueltzh{\~A}{\P}ffer, Kai and Muzzillo, Chiara and Vogt, Miriam A. and Lankisch, Katja and {Armbruster-Gen{\~A}{\S}}, Diana J. N. and Riva, Marco A. and Fiebach, Christian J. and Gass, Peter and Vollmayr, Barbara}, year = {2014}, month = may, journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {8}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00154}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\L6BZYLKB\Richter et al. - 2014 - Touchscreen-paradigm for mice reveals cross-specie.pdf} }
2015
- Basten, U., Hilger, K., & Fiebach, C. J. (2015). Where Smart Brains Are Different: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Functional and Structural Brain Imaging Studies on Intelligence. Intelligence, 51, 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2015.04.009
@article{bastenWhereSmartBrains2015, title = {Where Smart Brains Are Different: {{A}} Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Functional and Structural Brain Imaging Studies on Intelligence}, shorttitle = {Where Smart Brains Are Different}, author = {Basten, Ulrike and Hilger, Kirsten and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2015}, journal = {Intelligence}, volume = {51}, pages = {10--27}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Netherlands}, issn = {1873-7935}, doi = {10.1016/j.intell.2015.04.009}, keywords = {Brain,Cingulate Cortex,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Gray Matter,Intelligence}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\W7QUMJ3R\2015-31412-003.html} }Abstract
Individual differences in general intelligence have been associated with differences in brain structure and function. The currently most popular theory of the neural bases of intelligence—the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of Intelligence (P-FIT)—describes a network of frontal and parietal brain regions as the main neural basis of intelligence. Here, we put the theory to an empirical test by conducting voxel-based quantitative meta-analyses of 12 structural and 16 functional human brain imaging studies, testing for statistically significant spatial convergence across studies. We focused our analyses on studies reporting associations between individual differences in intelligence (as assessed by established tests of psychometric intelligence) and either (a) brain activation during a cognitive task (functional meta-analysis) or (b) amount of grey matter as assessed by voxel-based morphometry (structural meta-analysis). The functional meta-analysis resulted in eight clusters distributed across both hemispheres, located in lateral frontal, medial frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. The structural meta-analysis of VBM studies resulted in 12 clusters distributed in lateral and medial frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices, as well as in subcortical structures. Results of the functional and structural meta-analyses did not show any overlap—although both independently showed good match with the P-FIT. Based on the meta-analyses, we present an updated model for the brain bases of intelligence that extends previous models in also considering the posterior cingulate cortex and subcortical structures as relevant for intelligence, and in differentiating between positive and negative associations of intelligence and brain activation. From a critical review of original studies and methods, we derive important suggestions for future research on brain correlates of intelligence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
- Bonhage, C. E., Mueller, J. L., Friederici, A. D., & Fiebach, C. J. (2015). Combined Eye Tracking and fMRI Reveals Neural Basis of Linguistic Predictions during Sentence Comprehension. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 68, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.011
@article{bonhageCombinedEyeTracking2015, title = {Combined Eye Tracking and {{fMRI}} Reveals Neural Basis of Linguistic Predictions during Sentence Comprehension}, author = {Bonhage, Corinna E. and Mueller, Jutta L. and Friederici, Angela D. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2015}, month = jul, journal = {Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior}, volume = {68}, pages = {33--47}, issn = {1973-8102}, doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.011}, langid = {english}, pmid = {26003489}, keywords = {Adult,Anticipation Psychological,Brain,Brain Mapping,Comprehension,Eye Movements,Eye tracking,Female,Fixation Ocular,fMRI,Functional Laterality,Humans,Language,Linguistics,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Nerve Net,Photic Stimulation,Prediction,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time,Reading,Speech,Syntax,Young Adult} }Abstract
It is widely agreed upon that linguistic predictions are an integral part of language comprehension. Yet, experimental proof of their existence remains challenging. Here, we introduce a new predictive eye gaze reading task combining eye tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that allows us to infer the existence and timing of linguistic predictions via anticipatory eye-movements. Participants read different types of word sequences (i.e., regular sentences, meaningless jabberwocky sentences, non-word lists) up to the pre-final word. The final target word was displayed with a temporal delay and its screen position was dependent on the syntactic word category (nouns vs verbs). During the delay, anticipatory eye-movements into the correct target word area were indicative of linguistic predictions. For fMRI analysis, the predictive sentence conditions were contrasted to the non-word condition, with the anticipatory eye-movements specifying differences in timing across conditions. A conjunction analysis of both sentence conditions revealed the neural substrate of word category prediction, namely a distributed network of cortical and subcortical brain regions including language systems, basal ganglia, thalamus, and hippocampus. Direct contrasts between the regular sentence condition and the jabberwocky condition indicate that prediction of word category in meaningless jabberwocky sentences relies on classical left-hemispheric language systems involving Brodman’s area 44/45 in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal areas, and the dorsal caudate nucleus. Regular sentences, in contrast, allowed for the prediction of specific words. Word-specific predictions were specifically associated with more widely distributed temporal and parietal cortical systems, most prominently in the right hemisphere. Our results support the presence of linguistic predictions during sentence processing and demonstrate the validity of the predictive eye gaze paradigm for measuring syntactic and semantic aspects of linguistic predictions, as well as for investigating their neural substrates.
- Gagl, B., Hawelka, S., & Wimmer, H. (2015). On Sources of the Word Length Effect in Young Readers. Scientific Studies of Reading, 19(4), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2015.1026969
@article{gaglSourcesWordLength2015, title = {On {{Sources}} of the {{Word Length Effect}} in {{Young Readers}}}, author = {Gagl, Benjamin and Hawelka, Stefan and Wimmer, Heinz}, year = {2015}, month = jul, journal = {Scientific Studies of Reading}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {289--306}, issn = {1088-8438, 1532-799X}, doi = {10.1080/10888438.2015.1026969}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english} } - Hawelka, S., Schuster, S., Gagl, B., & Hutzler, F. (2015). On Forward Inferences of Fast and Slow Readers. An Eye Movement Study. Scientific Reports, 5, 8432. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08432
@article{hawelkaForwardInferencesFast2015, title = {On Forward Inferences of Fast and Slow Readers. {{An}} Eye Movement Study}, author = {Hawelka, Stefan and Schuster, Sarah and Gagl, Benjamin and Hutzler, Florian}, year = {2015}, month = feb, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {5}, pages = {8432}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep08432}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC4327408}, pmid = {25678030}, keywords = {Adult,Eye Movements,Humans,Male,Reaction Time,Reading,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\NJWNUKJR\Hawelka et al. - 2015 - On forward inferences of fast and slow readers. An.pdf} }Abstract
Unimpaired readers process words incredibly fast and hence it was assumed that top-down processing, such as predicting upcoming words, would be too slow to play an appreciable role in reading. This runs counter the major postulate of the predictive coding framework that our brain continually predicts probable upcoming sensory events. This means, it may generate predictions about the probable upcoming word during reading (dubbed forward inferences). Trying to asses these contradictory assumptions, we evaluated the effect of the predictability of words in sentences on eye movement control during silent reading. Participants were a group of fluent (i.e., fast) and a group of speed-impaired (i.e., slow) readers. The findings indicate that fast readers generate forward inferences, whereas speed-impaired readers do so to a reduced extent - indicating a significant role of predictive coding for fluent reading.
- Linkersdörfer, J., Jurcoane, A., Lindberg, S., Kaiser, J., Hasselhorn, M., Fiebach, C. J., & Lonnemann, J. (2015). The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(2), 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00710
@article{linkersdorferAssociationGrayMatter2015, title = {The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers}, shorttitle = {The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency}, author = {Linkersd{\"o}rfer, Janosch and Jurcoane, Alina and Lindberg, Sven and Kaiser, Jochen and Hasselhorn, Marcus and Fiebach, Christian J. and Lonnemann, Jan}, year = {2015}, month = feb, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {308--318}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_00710}, langid = {english}, pmid = {25203270}, keywords = {Cerebral Cortex,Child,Child Development,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Gray Matter,Humans,Language Tests,Longitudinal Studies,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Organ Size,Reading}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\3NZ5KF49\Linkersdörfer et al. - 2015 - The association between gray matter volume and rea.pdf} }Abstract
Neural systems involved in the processing of written language have been identified by a number of functional imaging studies. Structural changes in cortical anatomy that occur in the course of literacy acquisition, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning.
- Nagler, T., Korinth, S. P., LinkersdÃ\Prfer, J., Lonnemann, J., Rump, B. Ã. P., Hasselhorn, M., & Lindberg, S. (2015). Text-Fading Based Training Leads to Transfer Effects on Children’s Sentence Reading Fluency. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00119
@article{naglerTextfadingBasedTraining2015, title = {Text-Fading Based Training Leads to Transfer Effects on Children's Sentence Reading Fluency}, author = {Nagler, Telse and Korinth, Sebastian P. and Linkersd{\~A}{\P}rfer, Janosch and Lonnemann, Jan and Rump, Bj{\~A}{\P}rn and Hasselhorn, Marcus and Lindberg, Sven}, year = {2015}, month = feb, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {6}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00119}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\M4AV3P6Y\Nagler et al. - 2015 - Text-fading based training leads to transfer effec.pdf} } - Sassenhagen, J., & Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I. (2015). The P600 as a Correlate of Ventral Attention Network Reorientation. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 66, A3–A20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.019
@article{sassenhagenP600CorrelateVentral2015, title = {The {{P600}} as a Correlate of Ventral Attention Network Reorientation}, author = {Sassenhagen, Jona and {Bornkessel-Schlesewsky}, Ina}, year = {2015}, month = may, journal = {Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior}, volume = {66}, pages = {A3-A20}, issn = {1973-8102}, doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2014.12.019}, langid = {english}, pmid = {25791606}, keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attention,Brain,Brain Mapping,Electroencephalography,Event-Related Potentials P300,Evoked Potentials,Face,Female,Humans,Language,Locus Coeruleus,Male,Neural Pathways,Norepinephrine,P3,P600,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Reading,Sentence processing,Single-trial analysis,Ventral attention network,Young Adult} }Abstract
When, during language processing, a reader or listener is confronted with a structurally deviant phrase, this typically elicits a late positive ERP deflection (P600). The P600 is often understood as a correlate of structural analysis. This assumption has informed a number of neurocognitive models of language. However, the P600 strongly resembles the P3, likely a more general electrophysiological correlate of reorientation behaviour supported by noradrenergic input to the ventral attention network/VAN. Some researchers have proposed that the P600 is an instance of the P3, not a distinct component reflecting the analysis of structured inputs. Here, we tested the P600-as-P3 hypothesis by estimating the alignment of the P600 elicited in a visual sentence processing task to simultaneously collected behavioural measures. A similar analysis was undertaken for a P3 elicited in a separate non-linguistic (face detection) task. Since the P3 is usually aligned to reaction time/RT, the same should hold for the P600; a failure to find RT alignment of the P600 would pose a problem for the P600-as-P3 hypothesis. In contrast, RT alignment of the P600 would associate it with the well-established VAN/Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenaline - Network subserving cortical reorientation. We failed to falsify the hypothesis of RT alignment. Secondary measures, while less unambiguous, were more in agreement with the P600-as-P3 hypothesis. We interpret our results as corroborating the hypothesis that the P600 is a P3, in that it shows that the P600 is RT-aligned. This perspective is unpredicted by an account of the P600 as indexing high-level processing.
- Ueltzhöffer, K., Armbruster-Genç, D. J. N., & Fiebach, C. J. (2015). Stochastic Dynamics Underlying Cognitive Stability and Flexibility. PLOS Computational Biology, 11(6), e1004331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004331
@article{ueltzhofferStochasticDynamicsUnderlying2015, title = {Stochastic {{Dynamics Underlying Cognitive Stability}} and {{Flexibility}}}, author = {Ueltzh{\"o}ffer, Kai and {Armbruster-Gen{\c c}}, Diana J. N. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2015}, month = jun, journal = {PLOS Computational Biology}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {e1004331}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, issn = {1553-7358}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004331}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, keywords = {Behavior,Dynamical systems,Functional magnetic resonance imaging,Neural networks,Physiological parameters,Probability distribution,Reaction time,Working memory}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\HL6CWQ84\Ueltzhöffer et al. - 2015 - Stochastic Dynamics Underlying Cognitive Stability.pdf} }Abstract
Cognitive stability and flexibility are core functions in the successful pursuit of behavioral goals. While there is evidence for a common frontoparietal network underlying both functions and for a key role of dopamine in the modulation of flexible versus stable behavior, the exact neurocomputational mechanisms underlying those executive functions and their adaptation to environmental demands are still unclear. In this work we study the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying cue based task switching (flexibility) and distractor inhibition (stability) in a paradigm specifically designed to probe both functions. We develop a physiologically plausible, explicit model of neural networks that maintain the currently active task rule in working memory and implement the decision process. We simplify the four-choice decision network to a nonlinear drift-diffusion process that we canonically derive from a generic winner-take-all network model. By fitting our model to the behavioral data of individual subjects, we can reproduce their full behavior in terms of decisions and reaction time distributions in baseline as well as distractor inhibition and switch conditions. Furthermore, we predict the individual hemodynamic response timecourse of the rule-representing network and localize it to a frontoparietal network including the inferior frontal junction area and the intraparietal sulcus, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This refines the understanding of task-switch-related frontoparietal brain activity as reflecting attractor-like working memory representations of task rules. Finally, we estimate the subject-specific stability of the rule-representing attractor states in terms of the minimal action associated with a transition between different rule states in the phase-space of the fitted models. This stability measure correlates with switching-specific thalamocorticostriatal activation, i.e., with a system associated with flexible working memory updating and dopaminergic modulation of cognitive flexibility. These results show that stochastic dynamical systems can implement the basic computations underlying cognitive stability and flexibility and explain neurobiological bases of individual differences.
2016
- Armbruster-Genç, D. J. N., Ueltzhöffer, K., & Fiebach, C. J. (2016). Brain Signal Variability Differentially Affects Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Stability. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 36(14), 3978–3987. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2517-14.2016
@article{armbruster-gencBrainSignalVariability2016, title = {Brain {{Signal Variability Differentially Affects Cognitive Flexibility}} and {{Cognitive Stability}}}, author = {{Armbruster-Gen{\c c}}, Diana J. N. and Ueltzh{\"o}ffer, Kai and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2016}, month = apr, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, volume = {36}, number = {14}, pages = {3978--3987}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2517-14.2016}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC6705511}, pmid = {27053205}, keywords = {Adult,Algorithms,Behavior,behavioral variability,BOLD-signal variability,Brain,Brain Mapping,Cognition,cognitive flexibility,cognitive stability,Female,fMRI,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory Short-Term,Middle Aged,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time,Signal Transduction,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\A73GL4QT\Armbruster-Genç et al. - 2016 - Brain Signal Variability Differentially Affects Co.pdf} }Abstract
Recent research yielded the intriguing conclusion that, in healthy adults, higher levels of variability in neuronal processes are beneficial for cognitive functioning. Beneficial effects of variability in neuronal processing can also be inferred from neurocomputational theories of working memory, albeit this holds only for tasks requiring cognitive flexibility. However, cognitive stability, i.e., the ability to maintain a task goal in the face of irrelevant distractors, should suffer under high levels of brain signal variability. To directly test this prediction, we studied both behavioral and brain signal variability during cognitive flexibility (i.e., task switching) and cognitive stability (i.e., distractor inhibition) in a sample of healthy human subjects and developed an efficient and easy-to-implement analysis approach to assess BOLD-signal variability in event-related fMRI task paradigms. Results show a general positive effect of neural variability on task performance as assessed by accuracy measures. However, higher levels of BOLD-signal variability in the left inferior frontal junction area result in reduced error rate costs during task switching and thus facilitate cognitive flexibility. In contrast, variability in the same area has a detrimental effect on cognitive stability, as shown in a negative effect of variability on response time costs during distractor inhibition. This pattern was mirrored at the behavioral level, with higher behavioral variability predicting better task switching but worse distractor inhibition performance. Our data extend previous results on brain signal variability by showing a differential effect of brain signal variability that depends on task context, in line with predictions from computational theories. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Recent neuroscientific research showed that the human brain signal is intrinsically variable and suggested that this variability improves performance. Computational models of prefrontal neural networks predict differential effects of variability for different behavioral situations requiring either cognitive flexibility or stability. However, this hypothesis has so far not been put to an empirical test. In this study, we assessed cognitive flexibility and cognitive stability, and, besides a generally positive effect of neural variability on accuracy measures, we show that neural variability in a prefrontal brain area at the inferior frontal junction is differentially associated with performance: higher levels of variability are beneficial for the effectiveness of task switching (cognitive flexibility) but detrimental for the efficiency of distractor inhibition (cognitive stability).
- Eckart, C., Woźniak-Kwaśniewska, A., Herweg, N. A., Fuentemilla, L., & Bunzeck, N. (2016). Acetylcholine Modulates Human Working Memory and Subsequent Familiarity Based Recognition via Alpha Oscillations. NeuroImage, 137, 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.049
@article{eckartAcetylcholineModulatesHuman2016, title = {Acetylcholine Modulates Human Working Memory and Subsequent Familiarity Based Recognition via Alpha Oscillations}, author = {Eckart, Cindy and {Wo{\'z}niak-Kwa{\'s}niewska}, Agata and Herweg, Nora A. and Fuentemilla, Lluis and Bunzeck, Nico}, year = {2016}, month = aug, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {137}, pages = {61--69}, issn = {1095-9572}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.049}, langid = {english}, pmid = {27222217}, keywords = {Acetylcholine,Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Brain,Brain Mapping,Female,Humans,Male,Memory Long-Term,Memory Short-Term,Mental Recall,Neuronal Plasticity,Recognition Psychology,Young Adult} }Abstract
Working memory (WM) can be defined as the ability to maintain and process physically absent information for a short period of time. This vital cognitive function has been related to cholinergic neuromodulation and, in independent work, to theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (9-14Hz) band oscillations. However, the relationship between both aspects remains unclear. To fill this apparent gap, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and a within-subject design in healthy humans who either received the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (8mg) or a placebo before they performed a Sternberg WM paradigm. Here, sequences of sample images were memorized for a delay of 5s in three different load conditions (two, four or six items). On the next day, long-term memory (LTM) for the images was tested according to a remember/know paradigm. As a main finding, we can show that both theta and alpha oscillations scale during WM maintenance as a function of WM load; this resembles the typical performance decrease. Importantly, cholinergic stimulation via galantamine administration slowed down retrieval speed during WM and reduced associated alpha but not theta power, suggesting a functional relationship between alpha oscillations and WM performance. At LTM, this pattern was accompanied by impaired familiarity based recognition. These findings show that stimulating the healthy cholinergic system impairs WM and subsequent recognition, which is in line with the notion of a quadratic relationship between acetylcholine levels and cognitive functions. Moreover, our data provide empirical evidence for a specific role of alpha oscillations in acetylcholine dependent WM and associated LTM formation.
- Ekman, M., Fiebach, C. J., Melzer, C., Tittgemeyer, M., & Derrfuss, J. (2016). Different Roles of Direct and Indirect Frontoparietal Pathways for Individual Working Memory Capacity. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 36(10), 2894–2903. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1376-14.2016
@article{ekmanDifferentRolesDirect2016, title = {Different {{Roles}} of {{Direct}} and {{Indirect Frontoparietal Pathways}} for {{Individual Working Memory Capacity}}}, author = {Ekman, Matthias and Fiebach, Christian J. and Melzer, Corina and Tittgemeyer, Marc and Derrfuss, Jan}, year = {2016}, month = mar, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, volume = {36}, number = {10}, pages = {2894--2903}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1376-14.2016}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC6601754}, pmid = {26961945}, keywords = {Adult,basal ganglia,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging,diffusion MRI,Female,Frontal Lobe,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Male,Memory Short-Term,network analysis,Neural Pathways,Neuropsychological Tests,Parietal Lobe,prefrontal cortex,Probability,White Matter,working memory capacity,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\U74I5MSK\Ekman et al. - 2016 - Different Roles of Direct and Indirect Frontoparie.pdf} }Abstract
The ability to temporarily store and manipulate information in working memory is a hallmark of human intelligence and differs considerably across individuals, but the structural brain correlates underlying these differences in working memory capacity (WMC) are only poorly understood. In two separate studies, diffusion MRI data and WMC scores were collected for 70 and 109 healthy individuals. Using a combination of probabilistic tractography and network analysis of the white matter tracts, we examined whether structural brain network properties were predictive of individual WMC. Converging evidence from both studies showed that lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex of high-capacity individuals are more densely connected compared with low-capacity individuals. Importantly, our network approach was further able to dissociate putative functional roles associated with two different pathways connecting frontal and parietal regions: a corticocortical pathway and a subcortical pathway. In Study 1, where participants were required to maintain and update working memory items, the connectivity of the direct and indirect pathway was predictive of WMC. In contrast, in Study 2, where participants were required to maintain working memory items without updating, only the connectivity of the direct pathway was predictive of individual WMC. Our results suggest an important dissociation in the circuitry connecting frontal and parietal regions, where direct frontoparietal connections might support storage and maintenance, whereas subcortically mediated connections support the flexible updating of working memory content.
- Gagl, B. (2016). Blue Hypertext Is a Good Design Decision: No Perceptual Disadvantage in Reading and Successful Highlighting of Relevant Information. PeerJ, 4, e2467. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2467
@article{gaglBlueHypertextGood2016, title = {Blue Hypertext Is a Good Design Decision: No Perceptual Disadvantage in Reading and Successful Highlighting of Relevant Information}, shorttitle = {Blue Hypertext Is a Good Design Decision}, author = {Gagl, Benjamin}, year = {2016}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {4}, pages = {e2467}, issn = {2167-8359}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.2467}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC5036113}, pmid = {27688970}, keywords = {Eye movements,Hypertext,Invisible boundary paradigm,Reading}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\KPYSJG52\Gagl - 2016 - Blue hypertext is a good design decision no perce.pdf} }Abstract
BACKGROUND: Highlighted text in the Internet (i.e., hypertext) is predominantly blue and underlined. The perceptibility of these hypertext characteristics was heavily questioned by applied research and empirical tests resulted in inconclusive results. The ability to recognize blue text in foveal and parafoveal vision was identified as potentially constrained by the low number of foveally centered blue light sensitive retinal cells. The present study investigates if foveal and parafoveal perceptibility of blue hypertext is reduced in comparison to normal black text during reading. METHODS: A silent-sentence reading study with simultaneous eye movement recordings and the invisible boundary paradigm, which allows the investigation of foveal and parafoveal perceptibility, separately, was realized (comparing fixation times after degraded vs. un-degraded parafoveal previews). Target words in sentences were presented in either black or blue and either underlined or normal. RESULTS: No effect of color and underlining, but a preview benefit could be detected for first pass reading measures. Fixation time measures that included re-reading, e.g., total viewing times, showed, in addition to a preview effect, a reduced fixation time for not highlighted (black not underlined) in contrast to highlighted target words (either blue or underlined or both). DISCUSSION: The present pattern reflects no detectable perceptual disadvantage of hyperlink stimuli but increased attraction of attention resources, after first pass reading, through highlighting. Blue or underlined text allows readers to easily perceive hypertext and at the same time readers re-visited highlighted words longer. On the basis of the present evidence, blue hypertext can be safely recommended to web designers for future use.
- Galeano Weber, E. M., Peters, B., Hahn, T., Bledowski, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2016). Superior Intraparietal Sulcus Controls the Variability of Visual Working Memory Precision. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 36(20), 5623–5635. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1596-15.2016
@article{galeanoweberSuperiorIntraparietalSulcus2016, title = {Superior {{Intraparietal Sulcus Controls}} the {{Variability}} of {{Visual Working Memory Precision}}}, author = {Galeano Weber, Elena M. and Peters, Benjamin and Hahn, Tim and Bledowski, Christoph and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2016}, month = may, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, volume = {36}, number = {20}, pages = {5623--5635}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1596-15.2016}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC6601772}, pmid = {27194340}, keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,capacity limitations,cognitive modeling,cross-task classification,Female,fMRI,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory Short-Term,Models Neurological,Parietal Lobe,variability of precision,Visual Perception,working memory precision}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\DL5C2JKR\Galeano Weber et al. - 2016 - Superior Intraparietal Sulcus Controls the Variabi.pdf} }Abstract
Limitations of working memory (WM) capacity depend strongly on the cognitive resources that are available for maintaining WM contents in an activated state. Increasing the number of items to be maintained in WM was shown to reduce the precision of WM and to increase the variability of WM precision over time. Although WM precision was recently associated with neural codes particularly in early sensory cortex, we have so far no understanding of the neural bases underlying the variability of WM precision, and how WM precision is preserved under high load. To fill this gap, we combined human fMRI with computational modeling of behavioral performance in a delayed color-estimation WM task. Behavioral results replicate a reduction of WM precision and an increase of precision variability under high loads (5 > 3 > 1 colors). Load-dependent BOLD signals in primary visual cortex (V1) and superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), measured during the WM task at 2-4 s after sample onset, were modulated by individual differences in load-related changes in the variability of WM precision. Although stronger load-related BOLD increase in superior IPS was related to lower increases in precision variability, thus stabilizing WM performance, the reverse was observed for V1. Finally, the detrimental effect of load on behavioral precision and precision variability was accompanied by a load-related decline in the accuracy of decoding the memory stimuli (colors) from left superior IPS. We suggest that the superior IPS may contribute to stabilizing visual WM performance by reducing the variability of memory precision in the face of higher load. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study investigates the neural bases of capacity limitations in visual working memory by combining fMRI with cognitive modeling of behavioral performance, in human participants. It provides evidence that the superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is a critical brain region that influences the variability of visual working memory precision between and within individuals (Fougnie et al., 2012; van den Berg et al., 2012) under increased memory load, possibly in cooperation with perceptual systems of the occipital cortex. These findings substantially extend our understanding of the nature of capacity limitations in visual working memory and their neural bases. Our work underlines the importance of integrating cognitive modeling with univariate and multivariate methods in fMRI research, thus improving our knowledge of brain-behavior relationships.
- Korinth, S. P., Dimigen, O., Sommer, W., & Breznitz, Z. (2016). Reading Training by Means of Disappearing Text: Effects on Reading Performance and Eye Movements. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29(6), 1245–1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-016-9635-y
@article{korinthReadingTrainingMeans2016, title = {Reading Training by Means of Disappearing Text: {{Effects}} on Reading Performance and Eye Movements}, shorttitle = {Reading Training by Means of Disappearing Text}, author = {Korinth, Sebastian Peter and Dimigen, Olaf and Sommer, Werner and Breznitz, Zvia}, year = {2016}, journal = {Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {1245--1268}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Germany}, issn = {1573-0905}, doi = {10.1007/s11145-016-9635-y}, keywords = {College Students,Educational Programs,Eye Movements,Reading Skills,Text Structure}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\LMI8X7ZH\2016-12908-001.html} }Abstract
The Reading Acceleration Program (RAP), which uses adaptively increasing text erasure rates to enforce reading rate improvements, has been positively evaluated in various languages, reader and age groups. The current study compared the established incremental increase of text erasure rate with a training using fixed erasure rates in two groups of young, non-impaired German adults. Eye-tracking measures prior and post training examined training-related changes of eye-movement patterns. Equal gains in reading performance in both training groups led to the conclusion that not the adaptive increase but already text erasure at fixed rates provides an economically efficient tool for the enhancement of reading rates. Furthermore, eye-tracking results suggest that text erasure training affects word processing not only at one specific level, but simultaneously at pre-lexical, lexical, and post-lexical stages. Although these outcomes are promising, further research is necessary to determine the optimal individual erasure rates that preserve good comprehension at varying levels of text difficulty and in different orthographies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
2017
- Buckert, M., Schwieren, C., Kudielka, B. M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2017). How Stressful Are Economic Competitions in the Lab? An Investigation with Physiological Measures. Journal of Economic Psychology, 62, 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.07.004
@article{buckertHowStressfulAre2017, title = {How Stressful Are Economic Competitions in the Lab? {{An}} Investigation with Physiological Measures}, shorttitle = {How Stressful Are Economic Competitions in the Lab?}, author = {Buckert, Magdalena and Schwieren, Christiane and Kudielka, Brigitte M. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2017}, month = oct, journal = {Journal of Economic Psychology}, volume = {62}, pages = {231--245}, issn = {0167-4870}, doi = {10.1016/j.joep.2017.07.004}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, keywords = {Competition,Cortisol,Decision making,Heart rate,Stress,Testosterone}, file = {C\:\\Users\\felix\\Zotero\\storage\\3DJMSAD5\\Buckert et al. - 2017 - How stressful are economic competitions in the lab.pdf;C\:\\Users\\felix\\Zotero\\storage\\3Q46XFAQ\\S0167487016304238.html} }Abstract
Competition is ubiquitous in economic life. Yet, negative consequences of competitive environments have been reported and everyday experience suggests that competitive situations can be very stressful. It is, however, an open question whether or not economic competitions in the laboratory indeed elicit physiological stress reactions. Our study examined subjectively perceived stress and physiological changes induced by a well-established economic laboratory competition paradigm (first used in Niederle & Vesterlund, 2007) in a mixed-gender sample of 111 healthy participants. A mental arithmetic task was performed first under a piece rate (i.e., non-competitive) payment scheme and afterwards under a tournament condition. In a third round, participants decided how to be paid (i.e., piece rate or tournament). Our results indicate that compared to a control group, which performed only the non-competitive condition, the competitive game condition elicited subjective and physiological reactions that are indicative of mild stress, i.e., an increase in heart rate and a decrease of calmness and mood. Furthermore, reactions that are thought to reflect an active coping style were related to the self-selection into competition in the third round of the game. We speculate that real-life economic competitions might be even stronger stressors and the way how people cope with this kind of stress might be related to competitiveness in real-life economic contexts.
- Derrfuss, J., Ekman, M., Hanke, M., Tittgemeyer, M., & Fiebach, C. J. (2017). Distractor-Resistant Short-Term Memory Is Supported by Transient Changes in Neural Stimulus Representations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(9), 1547–1565. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01141
@article{derrfussDistractorresistantShortTermMemory2017, title = {Distractor-Resistant {{Short-Term Memory Is Supported}} by {{Transient Changes}} in {{Neural Stimulus Representations}}}, author = {Derrfuss, Jan and Ekman, Matthias and Hanke, Michael and Tittgemeyer, Marc and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2017}, month = sep, journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience}, volume = {29}, number = {9}, pages = {1547--1565}, issn = {1530-8898}, doi = {10.1162/jocn_a_01141}, langid = {english}, pmid = {28430039}, keywords = {Adult,Attention,Brain Mapping,Female,Humans,Image Processing Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Oxygen,Pattern Recognition Visual,Photic Stimulation,Prefrontal Cortex,Reaction Time,Time Factors,Young Adult}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\6G9U9CLL\Derrfuss et al. - 2017 - Distractor-resistant Short-Term Memory Is Supporte.pdf} }Abstract
Goal-directed behavior in a complex world requires the maintenance of goal-relevant information despite multiple sources of distraction. However, the brain mechanisms underlying distractor-resistant working or short-term memory (STM) are not fully understood. Although early single-unit recordings in monkeys and fMRI studies in humans pointed to an involvement of lateral prefrontal cortices, more recent studies highlighted the importance of posterior cortices for the active maintenance of visual information also in the presence of distraction. Here, we used a delayed match-to-sample task and multivariate searchlight analyses of fMRI data to investigate STM maintenance across three extended delay phases. Participants maintained two samples (either faces or houses) across an unfilled pre-distractor delay, a distractor-filled delay, and an unfilled post-distractor delay. STM contents (faces vs. houses) could be decoded above-chance in all three delay phases from occipital, temporal, and posterior parietal areas. Classifiers trained to distinguish face versus house maintenance successfully generalized from pre- to post-distractor delays and vice versa, but not to the distractor delay period. Furthermore, classifier performance in all delay phases was correlated with behavioral performance in house, but not face, trials. Our results demonstrate the involvement of distributed posterior, but not lateral prefrontal, cortices in active maintenance during and after distraction. They also show that the neural code underlying STM maintenance is transiently changed in the presence of distractors and reinstated after distraction. The correlation with behavior suggests that active STM maintenance is particularly relevant in house trials, whereas face trials might rely more strongly on contributions from long-term memory.
- Galeano Weber, E. M., Hahn, T., Hilger, K., & Fiebach, C. J. (2017). Distributed Patterns of Occipito-Parietal Functional Connectivity Predict the Precision of Visual Working Memory. NeuroImage, 146, 404–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.006
@article{galeanoweberDistributedPatternsOccipitoparietal2017, title = {Distributed Patterns of Occipito-Parietal Functional Connectivity Predict the Precision of Visual Working Memory}, author = {Galeano Weber, Elena M. and Hahn, Tim and Hilger, Kirsten and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2017}, month = feb, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {146}, pages = {404--418}, issn = {1095-9572}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.006}, langid = {english}, pmid = {27721028}, keywords = {Adult,Attention,Brain Mapping,Capacity limitation,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory Short-Term,Multivariate Analysis,Neural Pathways,Occipital Lobe,Occipito-parietal functional connectivity,Parietal Lobe,Photic Stimulation,Visual Perception,Working memory precision,Young Adult} }Abstract
Limitations in visual working memory (WM) quality (i.e., WM precision) may depend on perceptual and attentional limitations during stimulus encoding, thereby affecting WM capacity. WM encoding relies on the interaction between sensory processing systems and fronto-parietal ’control’ regions, and differences in the quality of this interaction are a plausible source of individual differences in WM capacity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the coupling between perceptual and attentional systems affects the quality of WM encoding. We combined fMRI connectivity analysis with behavioral modeling by fitting a variable precision and fixed capacity model to the performance data obtained while participants performed a visual delayed continuous response WM task. We quantified functional connectivity during WM encoding between occipital and parietal brain regions activated during both perception and WM encoding, as determined using a conjunction of two independent experiments. The multivariate pattern of voxel-wise inter-areal functional connectivity significantly predicted WM performance, most specifically the mean of WM precision but not the individual number of items that could be stored in memory. In particular, higher occipito-parietal connectivity was associated with higher behavioral mean precision. These results are consistent with a network perspective of WM capacity, suggesting that the efficiency of information flow between perceptual and attentional neural systems is a critical determinant of limitations in WM quality.
- Hilger, K., Ekman, M., Fiebach, C. J., & Basten, U. (2017). Efficient Hubs in the Intelligent Brain: Nodal Efficiency of Hub Regions in the Salience Network Is Associated with General Intelligence. Intelligence, 60, 10–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2016.11.001
@article{hilgerEfficientHubsIntelligent2017, title = {Efficient Hubs in the Intelligent Brain: {{Nodal}} Efficiency of Hub Regions in the Salience Network Is Associated with General Intelligence}, shorttitle = {Efficient Hubs in the Intelligent Brain}, author = {Hilger, Kirsten and Ekman, Matthias and Fiebach, Christian J. and Basten, Ulrike}, year = {2017}, month = jan, journal = {Intelligence}, volume = {60}, pages = {10--25}, issn = {0160-2896}, doi = {10.1016/j.intell.2016.11.001}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, keywords = {Efficiency,Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),Graph theory,Intelligence,Salience network} }Abstract
Intelligence-related differences in the intrinsic functional organization of the brain were studied with a graph-theoretical approach, comparing effects on nodal measures of brain network efficiency (concerning specific nodes of the network) and global measures (concerning the overall brain network). Functional imaging data acquired for 54 healthy adult participants during wakeful rest were modeled as graphs representing individual functional brain networks. Nodal and global measures of efficient network organization (i.e., nodal efficiency and global efficiency) were correlated with intelligence scores (IQ from the Wechsler Abbreviate Scale of Intelligence, WASI). While global efficiency showed no significant association with intelligence, the nodal efficiency was significantly associated with intelligence in three brain regions. Participants with higher IQ scores showed higher nodal efficiency in right anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), two hub regions of a functional brain network previously described as salience network. Furthermore, higher IQ was associated with lower nodal efficiency in the left temporo-parietal junction area (TPJ). Distinct connectivity profiles were observed for brain regions showing a positive versus negative correlation between IQ and nodal efficiency. Our analyses suggest that intrinsic (i.e., task-independent) connectivity profiles of brain regions that have previously been associated with salience processing (AI and dACC) and the filtering of irrelevant information from higher-level processing (TPJ), play a role in explaining individual differences in intelligence. Based on these intelligence-related effects in resting-state fMRI data, we discuss the potential relevance of processing salient information for the explanation of differences in cognitive performance and intelligence.
- Hilger, K., Ekman, M., Fiebach, C. J., & Basten, U. (2017). Intelligence Is Associated with the Modular Structure of Intrinsic Brain Networks. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 16088. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15795-7
@article{hilgerIntelligenceAssociatedModular2017, title = {Intelligence Is Associated with the Modular Structure of Intrinsic Brain Networks}, author = {Hilger, Kirsten and Ekman, Matthias and Fiebach, Christian J. and Basten, Ulrike}, year = {2017}, month = nov, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {16088}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-15795-7}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {2017 The Author(s)}, langid = {english}, keywords = {Human behaviour,Intelligence,Network models,Network topology}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\U9USIBID\Hilger et al. - 2017 - Intelligence is associated with the modular struct.pdf} }Abstract
General intelligence is a psychological construct that captures in a single metric the overall level of behavioural and cognitive performance in an individual. While previous research has attempted to localise intelligence in circumscribed brain regions, more recent work focuses on functional interactions between regions. However, even though brain networks are characterised by substantial modularity, it is unclear whether and how the brain’s modular organisation is associated with general intelligence. Modelling subject-specific brain network graphs from functional MRI resting-state data (N\,= 309), we found that intelligence was not associated with global modularity features (e.g., number or size of modules) or the whole-brain proportions of different node types (e.g., connector hubs or provincial hubs). In contrast, we observed characteristic associations between intelligence and node-specific measures of within- and between-module connectivity, particularly in frontal and parietal brain regions that have previously been linked to intelligence. We propose that the connectivity profile of these regions may shape intelligence-relevant aspects of information processing. Our data demonstrate that not only region-specific differences in brain structure and function, but also the network-topological embedding of fronto-parietal as well as other cortical and subcortical brain regions is related to individual differences in higher cognitive abilities, i.e., intelligence.
- Kalisch, R., Baker, D. G., Basten, U., Boks, M. P., Bonanno, G. A., Brummelman, E., Chmitorz, A., Fernàndez, G., Fiebach, C. J., Galatzer-Levy, I., Geuze, E., Groppa, S., Helmreich, I., Hendler, T., Hermans, E. J., Jovanovic, T., Kubiak, T., Lieb, K., Lutz, B., … Kleim, B. (2017). The Resilience Framework as a Strategy to Combat Stress-Related Disorders. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(11), 784–790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0200-8
@article{kalischResilienceFrameworkStrategy2017, title = {The Resilience Framework as a Strategy to Combat Stress-Related Disorders}, author = {Kalisch, Raffael and Baker, Dewleen G. and Basten, Ulrike and Boks, Marco P. and Bonanno, George A. and Brummelman, Eddie and Chmitorz, Andrea and Fern{\`a}ndez, Guill{\'e}n and Fiebach, Christian J. and {Galatzer-Levy}, Isaac and Geuze, Elbert and Groppa, Sergiu and Helmreich, Isabella and Hendler, Talma and Hermans, Erno J. and Jovanovic, Tanja and Kubiak, Thomas and Lieb, Klaus and Lutz, Beat and M{\"u}ller, Marianne B. and Murray, Ryan J. and Nievergelt, Caroline M. and Reif, Andreas and Roelofs, Karin and Rutten, Bart P. F. and Sander, David and Schick, Anita and T{\"u}scher, Oliver and Diest, Ilse Van and van Harmelen, Anne-Laura and Veer, Ilya M. and Vermetten, Eric and Vinkers, Christiaan H. and Wager, Tor D. and Walter, Henrik and Wessa, Mich{\`e}le and Wibral, Michael and Kleim, Birgit}, year = {2017}, month = nov, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, volume = {1}, number = {11}, pages = {784--790}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, issn = {2397-3374}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-017-0200-8}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {2017 Springer Nature Limited}, langid = {english}, keywords = {Anxiety,Depression,Human behaviour,Post-traumatic stress disorder,Stress and resilience}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\R9HAYDCP\Kalisch et al. - 2017 - The resilience framework as a strategy to combat s.pdf} }Abstract
Consistent failure over the past few decades to reduce the high prevalence of stress-related disorders has motivated a search for alternative research strategies. Resilience refers to the phenomenon of many people maintaining mental health despite exposure to psychological or physical adversity. Instead of aiming to understand the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, resilience research focuses on protective mechanisms that shield people against the development of such disorders and tries to exploit its insights to improve treatment and, in particular, disease prevention. To fully harness the potential of resilience research, a critical appraisal of the current state of the art — in terms of basic concepts and key methods — is needed. We highlight challenges to resilience research and make concrete conceptual and methodological proposals to improve resilience research. Most importantly, we propose to focus research on the dynamic processes of successful adaptation to stressors in prospective longitudinal studies.
2018
- Heikel, E., Sassenhagen, J., & Fiebach, C. J. (2018). Time-Generalized Multivariate Analysis of EEG Responses Reveals a Cascading Architecture of Semantic Mismatch Processing. Brain and Language, 184, 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2018.06.007
@article{heikelTimegeneralizedMultivariateAnalysis2018, title = {Time-Generalized Multivariate Analysis of {{EEG}} Responses Reveals a Cascading Architecture of Semantic Mismatch Processing}, author = {Heikel, Edvard and Sassenhagen, Jona and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2018}, month = sep, journal = {Brain and Language}, volume = {184}, pages = {43--53}, issn = {0093-934X}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandl.2018.06.007}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, keywords = {EEG,ERP,Generalization across time decoding,Multivariate pattern analysis,N400,P600,Semantic mismatch}, file = {C\:\\Users\\felix\\Zotero\\storage\\GZVBS98Q\\Heikel et al. - 2018 - Time-generalized multivariate analysis of EEG resp.pdf;C\:\\Users\\felix\\Zotero\\storage\\IM6AQGY2\\S0093934X17302201.html} }Abstract
Event-related brain potentials have a strong impact on neurocognitive models, as they inform about the temporal sequence of cognitive processes. Nevertheless, their value for deciding among alternative cognitive architectures is partly limited by component overlap and the possibility of ambiguity regarding component identity. Here, we apply temporally-generalized multivariate pattern analysis – a recently-proposed machine learning method capable of tracking the evolution of neurocognitive processes over time – to constrain possible alternative architectures underlying the processing of semantic incongruency in sentences. In a spoken sentence paradigm, we replicate established N400/P600 correlates of semantic mismatch. Time-generalized decoding indicates that early vs. late mismatch-sensitive processes are (i) distinct in their neural substrate, arguing against recurrent or latency-shifted single process architectures, and (ii) partially overlapping in time, inconsistent with predictions of strictly serial models. These results are in accordance with an incremental-cascading neurocognitive organization of semantic mismatch processing. We propose time-generalized multivariate decoding as a valuable tool for neurocognitive language studies.
- Korinth, S. P., & Fiebach, C. J. (2018). Improving Silent Reading Performance Through Feedback on Eye Movements: A Feasibility Study. Scientific Studies of Reading, 22(4), 289–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2018.1439036
@article{korinthImprovingSilentReading2018, title = {Improving {{Silent Reading Performance Through Feedback}} on {{Eye Movements}}: {{A Feasibility Study}}}, shorttitle = {Improving {{Silent Reading Performance Through Feedback}} on {{Eye Movements}}}, author = {Korinth, Sebastian P. and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2018}, month = jul, journal = {Scientific Studies of Reading}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {289--307}, publisher = {Routledge}, issn = {1088-8438}, doi = {10.1080/10888438.2018.1439036}, urldate = {2024-03-27} }Abstract
This feasibility study investigated if feedback about individual eye movements, reflecting varying word processing stages, can improve reading performance. Twenty-five university students read 90 newspaper articles during 9 eye-tracking sessions. Training group participants (n = 12) were individually briefed before each session, which eye movement parameter(s) (fixation count, first fixation duration, regression, and/or skipping) to address, and informed about changes achieved in preceding sessions. Control group participants (n = 13) were told that self-instruction to read faster would produce training gains. Total fixation times decreased significantly more for training than for control group participants. Important to note, faster reading did not impair comprehension. Results are interpreted as first indications for a possible applicability of the feedback approach to silent reading. In addition to implications for future studies, alternative result interpretations (e.g., motivational effects, reduction of mindless reading) are discussed.
- Mayer, J. S., Stäblein, M., Oertel-Knöchel, V., & Fiebach, C. J. (2018). Functional Dissociation of Confident and Not-Confident Errors in the Spatial Delayed Response Task Demonstrates Impairments in Working Memory Encoding and Maintenance in Schizophrenia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 202. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00202
@article{mayerFunctionalDissociationConfident2018, title = {Functional {{Dissociation}} of {{Confident}} and {{Not-Confident Errors}} in the {{Spatial Delayed Response Task Demonstrates Impairments}} in {{Working Memory Encoding}} and {{Maintenance}} in {{Schizophrenia}}}, author = {Mayer, Jutta S. and St{\"a}blein, Michael and {Oertel-Kn{\"o}chel}, Viola and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2018}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {9}, pages = {202}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00202}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC5987160}, pmid = {29896123}, keywords = {encoding,false memory,maintenance,schizophrenia,spatial,working memory}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\WH5K43SJ\Mayer et al. - 2018 - Functional Dissociation of Confident and Not-Confi.pdf} }Abstract
Even though extensively investigated, the nature of working memory (WM) deficits in patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) is not yet fully understood. In particular, the contribution of different WM sub-processes to the severe WM deficit observed in PSZ is a matter of debate. So far, most research has focused on impaired WM maintenance. By analyzing different types of errors in a spatial delayed response task (DRT), we have recently demonstrated that incorrect yet confident responses (which we labeled as false memory errors) rather than incorrect/not-confident responses reflect failures of WM encoding, which was also impaired in PSZ. In the present study, we provide further evidence for a functional dissociation between confident and not-confident errors by manipulating the demands on WM maintenance, i.e., the length over which information has to be maintained in WM. Furthermore, we investigate whether these functionally distinguishable WM processes are impaired in PSZ. Twenty-four PSZ and 24 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) performed a spatial DRT in which the length of the delay period was varied between 1, 2, 4, and 6 s. In each trial, participants also rated their level of response confidence. Across both groups, longer delays led to increased rates of incorrect/not-confident responses, while incorrect/confident responses were not affected by delay length. This functional dissociation provides additional support for our proposal that false memory errors (i.e., confident errors) reflect problems at the level of WM encoding, while not-confident errors reflect failures of WM maintenance. Schizophrenic patients showed increased numbers of both confident and not-confident errors, suggesting that both sub-processes of WM-encoding and maintenance-are impaired in schizophrenia. Combined with the delay length-dependent functional dissociation, we propose that these impairments in schizophrenic patients are functionally distinguishable.
- Verleger, R., Keppeler, M., Sassenhagen, J., & Śmigasiewicz, K. (2018). The Oddball Effect on P3 Disappears When Feature Relevance or Feature-Response Mappings Are Unknown. Experimental Brain Research, 236(10), 2781–2796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-018-5334-z
@article{verlegerOddballEffectP32018, title = {The Oddball Effect on {{P3}} Disappears When Feature Relevance or Feature-Response Mappings Are Unknown}, author = {Verleger, Rolf and Keppeler, Magdalena and Sassenhagen, Jona and {\'S}migasiewicz, Kamila}, year = {2018}, month = oct, journal = {Experimental Brain Research}, volume = {236}, number = {10}, pages = {2781--2796}, issn = {1432-1106}, doi = {10.1007/s00221-018-5334-z}, langid = {english}, pmid = {30030588}, keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Association,Attention,Brain Mapping,Electroencephalography,Event-Related Potentials P300,Female,Humans,Informational value,Inhibition Psychological,Male,P3,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,S-R link reactivation,S-R-mapping,Signal Detection Psychological,Stimulus evaluation,Time Factors,Young Adult} }Abstract
The P3b component of human event-related EEG potentials is larger with rare than frequent task-relevant stimuli. In a previous study, this oddball effect was much reduced when stimulus-response (S-R) mappings were still undefined at stimulus presentation (being later provided by response prompts). This reduction may reflect P3b’s dependence on transmitted information which might be any relevant information (informational value hypothesis) or, more specifically, information about how to respond (S-R link hypothesis). To distinguish between these two hypotheses and clarify their differences from classical stimulus evaluation hypothesis, we added a second dimension by presenting colored letters, with both colors and letters varying between a rare and a frequent alternative. Response prompts, presented half a second later, were, in different blocks, constant or variable across trials with respect to S-R mapping and with respect to the relevant dimension (color or letter). With partial information, when only one of these two factors is known at stimulus presentation (by being constant across trials), the hypotheses differ in their predictions. The oddball effect will be abolished according to S-R link hypothesis because knowledge of both factors is needed to determine the response, but will only be reduced according to informational value hypothesis and be fully maintained according to stimulus evaluation hypothesis. In fact, oddball effects only occurred with knowledge of both factors, i.e., if both the relevant dimension and its mapping to responses were constant across trials. These results confirm the preeminent role of knowledge about responses for eliciting P3.
- Wolf, K., Galeano Weber, E., van den Bosch, J. J. F., Volz, S., Nöth, U., Deichmann, R., Naumer, M. J., Pfeiffer, T., & Fiebach, C. J. (2018). Neurocognitive Development of the Resolution of Selective Visuo-Spatial Attention: Functional MRI Evidence From Object Tracking. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01106
@article{wolfNeurocognitiveDevelopmentResolution2018, title = {Neurocognitive {{Development}} of the {{Resolution}} of {{Selective Visuo-Spatial Attention}}: {{Functional MRI Evidence From Object Tracking}}}, shorttitle = {Neurocognitive {{Development}} of the {{Resolution}} of {{Selective Visuo-Spatial Attention}}}, author = {Wolf, Kerstin and Galeano Weber, Elena and {van den Bosch}, Jasper J. F. and Volz, Steffen and N{\"o}th, Ulrike and Deichmann, Ralf and Naumer, Marcus J. and Pfeiffer, Till and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2018}, month = jul, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {9}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01106}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, keywords = {development,functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),Object Tracking,selective attention,visuo-spatial attention}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\Q7KJ7LN9\Wolf et al. - 2018 - Neurocognitive Development of the Resolution of Se.pdf} }Abstract
Our ability to select relevant information from the environment is limited by the resolution of attention – i.e., the minimum size of the region that can be selected. Neural mechanisms that underlie this limit and its development are not yet understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed during an object tracking task in 7- and 11-year-old children, and in young adults. Object tracking activated canonical fronto-parietal attention systems and motion-sensitive area MT in children as young as 7 years. Object tracking performance improved with age, together with stronger recruitment of parietal attention areas and a shift from low-level to higher-level visual areas. Increasing the required resolution of spatial attention – which was implemented by varying the distance between target and distractors in the object tracking task – led to activation increases in fronto-insular cortex, medial frontal cortex including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supplementary motor area, superior colliculi, and thalamus. This core circuitry for attentional precision was recruited by all age groups, but ACC showed an age-related activation reduction. Our results suggest that age-related improvements in selective visual attention and in the resolution of attention are characterized by an increased use of more functionally specialized brain regions during the course of development.
2019
- Draschkow, D., Heikel, E., Vo, M. L.-H., Fiebach, C., & Sassenhagen, J. (2019). No Evidence from MVPA for Different Processes Underlying the N300 and N400 Incongruity Effects in Object-Scene Processing. OSF. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gjtda
@misc{draschkowNoEvidenceMVPA2019, title = {No Evidence from {{MVPA}} for Different Processes Underlying the {{N300}} and {{N400}} Incongruity Effects in Object-Scene Processing}, author = {Draschkow, Dejan and Heikel, Edvard and Vo, Melissa L.-H. and Fiebach, Christian and Sassenhagen, Jona}, year = {2019}, month = oct, publisher = {OSF}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/gjtda}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, archiveprefix = {OSF}, langid = {american}, keywords = {EEG,N300,N400,object recognition,scene grammar,scene processing}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\ZWB7JY3T\Draschkow et al. - 2019 - No evidence from MVPA for different processes unde.pdf} }Abstract
Attributing meaning to diverse visual input is a core feature of human cognition. Violating environmental expectations (e.g., a toothbrush in the fridge) induces a late event-related negativity of the event-related potential/ERP. This N400 ERP has not only been linked to the semantic processing of language, but also to objects and scenes. Inconsistent object-scene relationships are additionally associated with an earlier negative deflection of the EEG signal between 250 and 350 ms. This N300 is hypothesized to reflect pre-semantic perceptual processes. To investigate whether these two components are truly separable or if the early object-scene integration activity (250–350 ms) shares certain levels of processing with the late neural correlates of meaning processing (350–500 ms), we used time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) where a classifier trained at one time point in a trial (e.g., during the N300 time window) is tested at every other time point (i.e., including the N400 time window). Forty participants were presented with semantic inconsistencies, in which an object was inconsistent with a scene’s meaning. Replicating previous findings, our manipulation produced significant N300 and N400 deflections. MVPA revealed above chance decoding performance for classifiers trained during time points of the N300 component and tested during later time points of the N400, and vice versa. This provides no evidence for the activation of two separable neurocognitive processes following the violation of context-dependent predictions in visual scene perception. Our data supports the early appearance of high-level, context-sensitive processes in visual cognition.
- Eisenhauer, S., Fiebach, C. J., & Gagl, B. (2019). Context-Based Facilitation in Visual Word Recognition: Evidence for Visual and Lexical But Not Pre-Lexical Contributions . Eneuro, 6(2), ENEURO.0321–0318.2019. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0321-18.2019
@article{eisenhauerContextBasedFacilitationVisual2019, title = {Context-{{Based Facilitation}} in {{Visual Word Recognition}}: {{Evidence}} for {{Visual}} and {{Lexical But Not Pre-Lexical Contributions}} {$<$}sup/{$>$}}, shorttitle = {Context-{{Based Facilitation}} in {{Visual Word Recognition}}}, author = {Eisenhauer, Susanne and Fiebach, Christian J. and Gagl, Benjamin}, year = {2019}, month = mar, journal = {eneuro}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {ENEURO.0321-18.2019}, issn = {2373-2822}, doi = {10.1523/ENEURO.0321-18.2019}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\523LVLB7\Eisenhauer et al. - 2019 - Context-Based Facilitation in Visual Word Recognit.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract Word familiarity and predictive context facilitate visual word processing, leading to faster recognition times and reduced neuronal responses. Previously, models with and without top-down connections, including lexical-semantic, pre-lexical (e.g., orthographic/phonological), and visual processing levels were successful in accounting for these facilitation effects. Here we systematically assessed context-based facilitation with a repetition priming task and explicitly dissociated pre-lexical and lexical processing levels using a pseudoword (PW) familiarization procedure. Experiment 1 investigated the temporal dynamics of neuronal facilitation effects with magnetoencephalography (MEG; N = 38 human participants), while experiment 2 assessed behavioral facilitation effects ( N = 24 human participants). Across all stimulus conditions, MEG demonstrated context-based facilitation across multiple time windows starting at 100 ms, in occipital brain areas. This finding indicates context-based facilitation at an early visual processing level. In both experiments, we furthermore found an interaction of context and lexical familiarity, such that stimuli with associated meaning showed the strongest context-dependent facilitation in brain activation and behavior. Using MEG, this facilitation effect could be localized to the left anterior temporal lobe at around 400 ms, indicating within-level (i.e., exclusively lexical-semantic) facilitation but no top-down effects on earlier processing stages. Increased pre-lexical familiarity (in PWs familiarized utilizing training) did not enhance or reduce context effects significantly. We conclude that context-based facilitation is achieved within visual and lexical processing levels. Finally, by testing alternative hypotheses derived from mechanistic accounts of repetition suppression, we suggest that the facilitatory context effects found here are implemented using a predictive coding mechanism.
- Hilger, K., & Fiebach, C. J. (2019). ADHD Symptoms Are Associated with the Modular Structure of Intrinsic Brain Networks in a Representative Sample of Healthy Adults. Network Neuroscience, 3(2), 567–588. https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00083
@article{hilgerADHDSymptomsAre2019, title = {{{ADHD}} Symptoms Are Associated with the Modular Structure of Intrinsic Brain Networks in a Representative Sample of Healthy Adults}, author = {Hilger, Kirsten and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2019}, month = jan, journal = {Network Neuroscience}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {567--588}, issn = {2472-1751}, doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00083}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\CSK2HR7J\Hilger und Fiebach - 2019 - ADHD symptoms are associated with the modular stru.pdf} }Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with significant and often lifelong effects on social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Influential neurocognitive models of ADHD link behavioral symptoms to altered connections between and within functional brain networks. Here, we investigate whether network-based theories of ADHD can be generalized to understanding variations in ADHD-related behaviors within the normal (i.e., clinically unaffected) adult population. In a large and representative sample, self-rated presence of ADHD symptoms varied widely; only 8 out of 291 participants scored in the clinical range. Subject-specific brain network graphs were modeled from functional MRI resting-state data and revealed significant associations between (nonclinical) ADHD symptoms and region-specific profiles of between-module and within-module connectivity. Effects were located in brain regions associated with multiple neuronal systems including the default-mode network, the salience network, and the central executive system. Our results are consistent with network perspectives of ADHD and provide further evidence for the relevance of an appropriate information transfer between task-negative (default-mode) and task-positive brain regions. More generally, our findings support a dimensional conceptualization of ADHD and contribute to a growing understanding of cognition as an emerging property of functional brain networks. , Author Summary Neurocognitive models of ADHD link behavioral symptoms to altered connections between and within functional brain networks. We investigate whether these network-based theories of ADHD can be generalized to ADHD-related behaviors within the normal adult population. Subject-specific brain graphs were modeled from functional MRI resting-state data of a large and representative sample ( N = 291). Significant associations between ADHD-related behaviors and region-specific profiles of between-module and within-module connectivity were observed in brain regions associated with multiple functional systems including the default-mode network, the salience network, and the central executive system. Our results support a dimensional conceptualization of ADHD and enforce network-based models of ADHD by providing further evidence for the relevance of an appropriate information transfer between task-negative (default-mode) and task-positive brain regions.
- Sassenhagen, J., & Draschkow, D. (2019). Cluster-based Permutation Tests of MEG/EEG Data Do Not Establish Significance of Effect Latency or Location. Psychophysiology, 56(6), e13335. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13335
@article{sassenhagenClusterbasedPermutationTests2019, title = {Cluster-based Permutation Tests of {{MEG}}/{{EEG}} Data Do Not Establish Significance of Effect Latency or Location}, author = {Sassenhagen, Jona and Draschkow, Dejan}, year = {2019}, month = jun, journal = {Psychophysiology}, volume = {56}, number = {6}, pages = {e13335}, issn = {0048-5772, 1469-8986}, doi = {10.1111/psyp.13335}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english} }Abstract
Abstract Cluster-based permutation tests are gaining an almost universal acceptance as inferential procedures in cognitive neuroscience. They elegantly handle the multiple comparisons problem in high-dimensional magnetoencephalographic and EEG data. Unfortunately, the power of this procedure comes hand in hand with the allure for unwarranted interpretations of the inferential output, the most prominent of which is the overestimation of the temporal, spatial, and frequency precision of statistical claims. This leads researchers to statements about the onset or offset of a certain effect that is not supported by the permutation test. In this article, we outline problems and common pitfalls of using and interpreting cluster-based permutation tests. We illustrate these with simulated data in order to promote a more intuitive understanding of the method. We hope that raising awareness about these issues will be beneficial to common scientific practices, while at the same time increasing the popularity of cluster-based permutation procedures. , Cluster-based permutation tests are a powerful solution to the multiple comparisons problem in EEG and MEG data. We report on extremely common, yet inapplicable interpretations of this procedure, suggesting unwarranted precision of the actual underlying test statistic and leading to strong, but unsubstantiated claims. In this article, we outline problems and common pitfalls of using and interpreting cluster-based permutation tests. Accurate interpretations of cluster-based permutation tests will contribute to the adequate utilization, as well as the popularity, of this powerful method.
- Sassenhagen, J., & Fiebach, C. J. (2019). Finding the P3 in the P600: Decoding Shared Neural Mechanisms of Responses to Syntactic Violations and Oddball Targets. NeuroImage, 200, 425–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.048
@article{sassenhagenFindingP3P6002019, title = {Finding the {{P3}} in the {{P600}}: {{Decoding}} Shared Neural Mechanisms of Responses to Syntactic Violations and Oddball Targets}, shorttitle = {Finding the {{P3}} in the {{P600}}}, author = {Sassenhagen, Jona and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2019}, month = oct, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {200}, pages = {425--436}, issn = {10538119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.048}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\WR8DB3MI\Sassenhagen und Fiebach - 2019 - Finding the P3 in the P600 Decoding shared neural.pdf} }
2020
- Gagl, B., Sassenhagen, J., Haan, S., Gregorova, K., Richlan, F., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). An Orthographic Prediction Error as the Basis for Efficient Visual Word Recognition. NeuroImage, 214, 116727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116727
@article{gaglOrthographicPredictionError2020, title = {An Orthographic Prediction Error as the Basis for Efficient Visual Word Recognition}, author = {Gagl, Benjamin and Sassenhagen, Jona and Haan, Sophia and Gregorova, Klara and Richlan, Fabio and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = jul, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {214}, pages = {116727}, issn = {10538119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116727}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\ZCB96DXG\Gagl et al. - 2020 - An orthographic prediction error as the basis for .pdf} } - Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Management Und Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten in Der Psychologie: Überarbeitung Der DGPs-Empfehlungen. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hcxtm
@misc{gollwitzerManagementUndBereitstellung2020, title = {Management Und {{Bereitstellung}} von {{Forschungsdaten}} in Der {{Psychologie}}: {{{\"U}berarbeitung}} Der {{DGPs-Empfehlungen}}}, shorttitle = {Management Und {{Bereitstellung}} von {{Forschungsdaten}} in Der {{Psychologie}}}, author = {Gollwitzer, Mario and {Abele-Brehm}, Andrea and Fiebach, Christian and Ramthun, Roland and Scheel, Anne M. and Sch{\"o}nbrodt, Felix D. and Steinberg, Ulf}, year = {2020}, month = sep, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/hcxtm}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\XT9C9IM5\Gollwitzer et al. - 2020 - Management und Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten .pdf} }Abstract
Die Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten im Rahmen von wissenschaftlichen Publikationen und öffentlich geförderten Forschungsprojekten wird heutzutage als ein zentraler Aspekt offener und transparenter Wissenschaftspraxis angesehen und von immer mehr Förderinstitutionen und wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften eingefordert. Forschende sollten sich daher bemühen, die sogenannten FAIR-Prinzipien zu erfüllen, d.h. Forschungsdaten sollten auffindbar, zugänglich, interoperabel und wiederverwendbar sein. Ein systematisches Forschungsdatenmanagement unterstützt diese Ziele und soll es gleichzeitig ermöglichen, diese effizient zu verwirklichen. Mit den vorliegenden überarbeiteten Empfehlungen zum Management und zur Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten spezifiziert die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) wichtige grundlegende Prinzipien des Datenmanagements in der Psychologie und greift hierbei auch Rückmeldungen der DGPs-Mitglieder auf, die im Rahmen einer Umfrage aus dem Jahr 2018 gewonnen wurden. In einem ersten Schritt werden auf Basis disziplinspezifischer Definitionen von Roh-, Primär-, Sekundär- und Metadaten Empfehlungen hinsichtlich des Verarbeitungsgrades der im Rahmen einer Datenveröffentlichung bereitzustellenden Daten gegeben. In der Folge werden datenschutz- sowie urheber- und nutzungsrechtliche Aspekte der Datenbereitstellung diskutiert, bevor die qualitativen Anforderungen an vertrauenswürdige Repositorien zur Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten definiert werden. Ausführlich wird in der Folge auf pragmatische Aspekte der Datenbereitstellung eingegangen, etwa auf die Unterschiede zwischen Datenveröffentlichungen vom Typ 1 und Typ 2, auf Nutzungsembargos, auf die Definition des "scientific use" durch Nachnutzerinnen und -nutzer von veröffentlichten Daten sowie Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit etwaigen Konfliktfällen. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die neue Empfehlung unterschiedlicher Zugriffsklassen für die Bereitstellung von Daten mit unterschiedlichen datenschutzrechtlichen oder forschungsethischen Anforderungen. Diese reichen von komplett offenen Daten ohne Nutzungsbeschränkungen ("Zugriffsklasse 0") über an standardisierte Bedingungen (z.B. die Nachnutzung für rein wissenschaftliche Zwecke) geknüpfte Datenbereitstellung ("Zugriffsklasse 1") über individualisierte Nutzungsverträge ("Zugriffsklasse 2") bis hin zu einem gesicherten Datenzugriff, der nur unter streng kontrollierten Bedingungen (z.B. in einem Forschungsdatenzentrum) erfolgen kann ("Zugriffsklasse 3"). Die Umsetzung dieser wichtigen Neuerung ist jedoch geknüpft an technische Implementationen des Zugriffsklassenkonzeptes durch Datenrepositorien, die die entsprechenden Funktionalitäten bereitstellen. Zusammenfassend zielen die überarbeiteten Empfehlungen darauf ab, Forscherinnen und Forschern pragmatische Wege für den offenen und transparenten Umgang mit psychologischen Forschungsdaten aufzuzeigen und dabei auch strukturelle Herausforderungen eines für alle Beteiligten gewinnbringenden "data sharings" anzusprechen und entsprechende Maßnahmen vorzuschlagen.
- Hilger, K., Sassenhagen, J., Kühnhausen, J., Reuter, M., Schwarz, U., Gawrilow, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). Neurophysiological Markers of ADHD Symptoms in Typically-Developing Children. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 22460. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80562-0
@article{hilgerNeurophysiologicalMarkersADHD2020, title = {Neurophysiological Markers of {{ADHD}} Symptoms in Typically-Developing Children}, author = {Hilger, Kirsten and Sassenhagen, Jona and K{\"u}hnhausen, Jan and Reuter, Merle and Schwarz, Ulrike and Gawrilow, Caterina and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = dec, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {22460}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-80562-0}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\X3ZEXHGA\Hilger et al. - 2020 - Neurophysiological markers of ADHD symptoms in typ.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Neurophysiological correlates of ADHD include changes in the P3 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Motivated by recent advances towards a more dimensional understanding of ADHD, we investigate whether ADHD-related ERP markers relate to continuous variations in attention and executive functioning also in typically-developing children. ERPs were measured while 31 school children (9–11 years) completed an adapted version of the Continuous Performance Task that additionally to inhibitory processes also isolates effects of physical stimulus salience. Children with higher levels of parent-reported ADHD symptoms did not differ in task performance, but exhibited smaller P3 amplitudes related to stimulus salience. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms were associated with the variability of neural responses over time: Children with higher levels of ADHD symptoms demonstrated lower variability in inhibition- and salience-related P3 amplitudes. No effects were observed for ERP latencies and the salience-related N2. By demonstrating that ADHD-associated neurophysiological mechanisms of inhibition and salience processing covary with attention and executive functioning in a children community sample, our study provides neurophysiological support for dimensional models of ADHD. Also, temporal variability in event-related potentials is highlighted as additional indicator of ADHD requiring further investigation.
- Hilger, K., Winter, N. R., Leenings, R., Sassenhagen, J., Hahn, T., Basten, U., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). Predicting Intelligence from Brain Gray Matter Volume. Brain Structure and Function, 225(7), 2111–2129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02113-7
@article{hilgerPredictingIntelligenceBrain2020, title = {Predicting Intelligence from Brain Gray Matter Volume}, author = {Hilger, Kirsten and Winter, Nils R. and Leenings, Ramona and Sassenhagen, Jona and Hahn, Tim and Basten, Ulrike and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = sep, journal = {Brain Structure and Function}, volume = {225}, number = {7}, pages = {2111--2129}, issn = {1863-2653, 1863-2661}, doi = {10.1007/s00429-020-02113-7}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\LSSE6ZEE\Hilger et al. - 2020 - Predicting intelligence from brain gray matter vol.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract A positive association between brain size and intelligence is firmly established, but whether region-specific anatomical differences contribute to general intelligence remains an open question. Results from voxel-based morphometry (VBM) - one of the most widely used morphometric methods - have remained inconclusive so far. Here, we applied cross-validated machine learning-based predictive modeling to test whether out-of-sample prediction of individual intelligence scores is possible on the basis of voxel-wise gray matter volume. Features were derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging data ( N \,= 308) using (a) a purely data-driven method (principal component analysis) and (b) a domain knowledge-based approach (atlas parcellation). When using relative gray matter (corrected for total brain size), only the atlas-based approach provided significant prediction, while absolute gray matter (uncorrected) allowed for above-chance prediction with both approaches. Importantly, in all significant predictions, the absolute error was relatively high, i.e., greater than ten IQ points, and in the atlas-based models, the predicted IQ scores varied closely around the sample mean. This renders the practical value even of statistically significant prediction results questionable. Analyses based on the gray matter of functional brain networks yielded significant predictions for the fronto-parietal network and the cerebellum. However, the mean absolute errors were not reduced in contrast to the global models, suggesting that general intelligence may be related more to global than region-specific differences in gray matter volume. More generally, our study highlights the importance of predictive statistical analysis approaches for clarifying the neurobiological bases of intelligence and provides important suggestions for future research using predictive modeling.
- Hilger, K., Fukushima, M., Sporns, O., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). Temporal Stability of Functional Brain Modules Associated with Human Intelligence. Human Brain Mapping, 41(2), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24807
@article{hilgerTemporalStabilityFunctional2020, title = {Temporal Stability of Functional Brain Modules Associated with Human Intelligence}, author = {Hilger, Kirsten and Fukushima, Makoto and Sporns, Olaf and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = feb, journal = {Human Brain Mapping}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {362--372}, issn = {1065-9471, 1097-0193}, doi = {10.1002/hbm.24807}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\ZWX93BQ8\Hilger et al. - 2020 - Temporal stability of functional brain modules ass.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract Individual differences in general cognitive ability (i.e., intelligence) have been linked to individual variations in the modular organization of functional brain networks. However, these analyses have been limited to static (time-averaged) connectivity, and have not yet addressed whether dynamic changes in the configuration of brain networks relate to general intelligence. Here, we used multiband functional MRI resting-state data ( N \,= 281) and estimated subject-specific time-varying functional connectivity networks. Modularity optimization was applied to determine individual time-variant module partitions and to assess fluctuations in modularity across time. We show that higher intelligence, indexed by an established composite measure, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), is associated with higher temporal stability (lower temporal variability) of brain network modularity. Post-hoc analyses reveal that subjects with higher intelligence scores engage in fewer periods of extremely high modularity — which are characterized by greater disconnection of task-positive from task-negative networks. Further, we show that brain regions of the dorsal attention network contribute most to the observed effect. In sum, our study suggests that investigating the temporal dynamics of functional brain network topology contributes to our understanding of the neural bases of general cognitive abilities.
- Kraft, D., Rademacher, L., Eckart, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.120
@article{kraftCognitiveAffectiveFeedbackBased2020, title = {Cognitive, {{Affective}}, and {{Feedback-Based Flexibility}} -- {{Disentangling Shared}} and {{Different Aspects}} of {{Three Facets}} of {{Psychological Flexibility}}}, author = {Kraft, Dominik and Rademacher, Lena and Eckart, Cindy and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = sep, journal = {Journal of Cognition}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {21}, issn = {2514-4820}, doi = {10.5334/joc.120}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\UCVWXF7A\Kraft et al. - 2020 - Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibili.pdf} } - Lurie, D. J., Kessler, D., Bassett, D. S., Betzel, R. F., Breakspear, M., Kheilholz, S., Kucyi, A., Liégeois, R., Lindquist, M. A., McIntosh, A. R., Poldrack, R. A., Shine, J. M., Thompson, W. H., Bielczyk, N. Z., Douw, L., Kraft, D., Miller, R. L., Muthuraman, M., Pasquini, L., … Calhoun, V. D. (2020). Questions and Controversies in the Study of Time-Varying Functional Connectivity in Resting fMRI. Network Neuroscience, 4(1), 30–69. https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00116
@article{lurieQuestionsControversiesStudy2020, title = {Questions and Controversies in the Study of Time-Varying Functional Connectivity in Resting {{fMRI}}}, author = {Lurie, Daniel J. and Kessler, Daniel and Bassett, Danielle S. and Betzel, Richard F. and Breakspear, Michael and Kheilholz, Shella and Kucyi, Aaron and Li{\'e}geois, Rapha{\"e}l and Lindquist, Martin A. and McIntosh, Anthony Randal and Poldrack, Russell A. and Shine, James M. and Thompson, William Hedley and Bielczyk, Natalia Z. and Douw, Linda and Kraft, Dominik and Miller, Robyn L. and Muthuraman, Muthuraman and Pasquini, Lorenzo and Razi, Adeel and Vidaurre, Diego and Xie, Hua and Calhoun, Vince D.}, year = {2020}, month = jan, journal = {Network Neuroscience}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {30--69}, issn = {2472-1751}, doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00116}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\2A7VE8X5\Lurie et al. - 2020 - Questions and controversies in the study of time-v.pdf} }Abstract
The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of these interactions is critical for establishing a solid understanding of the brain’s functional architecture and the relationship between neural dynamics and cognition in health and disease. The possibility of studying these dynamics through careful analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as “dynamic” or time-varying functional connectivity; TVFC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVFC analyses to resting fMRI data, and about the statistical validity, physiological origins, and cognitive and behavioral relevance of resting TVFC. These and other unresolved issues complicate interpretation of resting TVFC findings and limit the insights that can be gained from this promising new research area. This article brings together scientists with a variety of perspectives on resting TVFC to review the current literature in light of these issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize controversies and open questions, and present a forward-looking perspective on how resting TVFC analyses can be rigorously and productively applied to investigate a wide range of questions in cognitive and systems neuroscience.
- Mayer, J. S., Korinth, S., Peters, B., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). An Electrophysiological Dissociation of Encoding vs. Maintenance Failures in Visual-Spatial Working Memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 522. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00522
@article{mayerElectrophysiologicalDissociationEncoding2020, title = {An {{Electrophysiological Dissociation}} of {{Encoding}} vs. {{Maintenance Failures}} in {{Visual-Spatial Working Memory}}}, author = {Mayer, Jutta S. and Korinth, Sebastian and Peters, Benjamin and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = mar, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {11}, pages = {522}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00522}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\8H9Z2APX\Mayer et al. - 2020 - An Electrophysiological Dissociation of Encoding v.pdf} } - Sassenhagen, J., & Fiebach, C. J. (2020). Traces of Meaning Itself: Encoding Distributional Word Vectors in Brain Activity. Neurobiology of Language, 1(1), 54–76. https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00003
@article{sassenhagenTracesMeaningItself2020, title = {Traces of {{Meaning Itself}}: {{Encoding Distributional Word Vectors}} in {{Brain Activity}}}, shorttitle = {Traces of {{Meaning Itself}}}, author = {Sassenhagen, Jona and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2020}, month = mar, journal = {Neurobiology of Language}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {54--76}, issn = {2641-4368}, doi = {10.1162/nol_a_00003}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\9JGGHHA9\Sassenhagen und Fiebach - 2020 - Traces of Meaning Itself Encoding Distributional .pdf} }Abstract
How is semantic information stored in the human mind and brain? Some philosophers and cognitive scientists argue for vectorial representations of concepts, where the meaning of a word is represented as its position in a high-dimensional neural state space. At the intersection of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, a class of very successful distributional word vector models has developed that can account for classic EEG findings of language, that is, the ease versus difficulty of integrating a word with its sentence context. However, models of semantics have to account not only for context-based word processing, but should also describe how word meaning is represented. Here, we investigate whether distributional vector representations of word meaning can model brain activity induced by words presented without context. Using EEG activity (event-related brain potentials) collected while participants in two experiments (English and German) read isolated words, we encoded and decoded word vectors taken from the family of prediction-based Word2vec algorithms. We found that, first, the position of a word in vector space allows the prediction of the pattern of corresponding neural activity over time, in particular during a time window of 300 to 500 ms after word onset. Second, distributional models perform better than a human-created taxonomic baseline model (WordNet), and this holds for several distinct vector-based models. Third, multiple latent semantic dimensions of word meaning can be decoded from brain activity. Combined, these results suggest that empiricist, prediction-based vectorial representations of meaning are a viable candidate for the representational architecture of human semantic knowledge.
2021
- Ahrens, K. F., Neumann, R. J., Kollmann, B., Brokelmann, J., Von Werthern, N. M., Malyshau, A., Weichert, D., Lutz, B., Fiebach, C. J., Wessa, M., Kalisch, R., Plichta, M. M., Lieb, K., Tüscher, O., & Reif, A. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Mental Health in Germany: Longitudinal Observation of Different Mental Health Trajectories and Protective Factors. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 392. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01508-2
@article{ahrensImpactCOVID19Lockdown2021, title = {Impact of {{COVID-19}} Lockdown on Mental Health in {{Germany}}: Longitudinal Observation of Different Mental Health Trajectories and Protective Factors}, shorttitle = {Impact of {{COVID-19}} Lockdown on Mental Health in {{Germany}}}, author = {Ahrens, K. F. and Neumann, R. J. and Kollmann, B. and Brokelmann, J. and Von Werthern, N. M. and Malyshau, A. and Weichert, D. and Lutz, B. and Fiebach, C. J. and Wessa, M. and Kalisch, R. and Plichta, M. M. and Lieb, K. and T{\"u}scher, O. and Reif, A.}, year = {2021}, month = jul, journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {392}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/s41398-021-01508-2}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\P2AW3CML\Ahrens et al. - 2021 - Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health in Ge.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting measures can be regarded as a global stressor. Cross-sectional studies showed rather negative impacts on people’s mental health, while longitudinal studies considering pre-lockdown data are still scarce. The present study investigated the impact of COVID-19 related lockdown measures in a longitudinal German sample, assessed since 2017. During lockdown, 523 participants completed additional weekly online questionnaires on e.g., mental health, COVID-19-related and general stressor exposure. Predictors for and distinct trajectories of mental health outcomes were determined, using multilevel models and latent growth mixture models, respectively. Positive pandemic appraisal, social support, and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation were positively, whereas perceived stress, daily hassles, and feeling lonely negatively related to mental health outcomes in the entire sample. Three subgroups (“recovered,” 9.0%; “resilient,” 82.6%; “delayed dysfunction,” 8.4%) with different mental health responses to initial lockdown measures were identified. Subgroups differed in perceived stress and COVID-19-specific positive appraisal. Although most participants remained mentally healthy, as observed in the resilient group, we also observed inter-individual differences. Participants’ psychological state deteriorated over time in the delayed dysfunction group, putting them at risk for mental disorder development. Consequently, health services should especially identify and allocate resources to vulnerable individuals.
- Chmitorz, A., Neumann, R. J., Kollmann, B., Ahrens, K. F., Öhlschläger, S., Goldbach, N., Weichert, D., Schick, A., Lutz, B., Plichta, M. M., Fiebach, C. J., Wessa, M., Kalisch, R., Tüscher, O., Lieb, K., & Reif, A. (2021). Longitudinal Determination of Resilience in Humans to Identify Mechanisms of Resilience to Modern-Life Stressors: The Longitudinal Resilience Assessment (LORA) Study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 271(6), 1035–1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01159-2
@article{chmitorzLongitudinalDeterminationResilience2021, title = {Longitudinal Determination of Resilience in Humans to Identify Mechanisms of Resilience to Modern-Life Stressors: The Longitudinal Resilience Assessment ({{LORA}}) Study}, shorttitle = {Longitudinal Determination of Resilience in Humans to Identify Mechanisms of Resilience to Modern-Life Stressors}, author = {Chmitorz, A. and Neumann, R. J. and Kollmann, B. and Ahrens, K. F. and {\"O}hlschl{\"a}ger, S. and Goldbach, N. and Weichert, D. and Schick, A. and Lutz, B. and Plichta, M. M. and Fiebach, C. J. and Wessa, M. and Kalisch, R. and T{\"u}scher, O. and Lieb, K. and Reif, A.}, year = {2021}, month = sep, journal = {European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience}, volume = {271}, number = {6}, pages = {1035--1051}, issn = {0940-1334, 1433-8491}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-020-01159-2}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\5NF9GC6K\Chmitorz et al. - 2021 - Longitudinal determination of resilience in humans.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract Resilience is the maintenance and/or quick recovery of mental health during and after periods of adversity. It is conceptualized to result from a dynamic process of successful adaptation to stressors. Up to now, a large number of resilience factors have been proposed, but the mechanisms underlying resilience are not yet understood. To shed light on the complex and time-varying processes of resilience that lead to a positive long-term outcome in the face of adversity, the Longitudinal Resilience Assessment (LORA) study has been established. In this study, 1191 healthy participants are followed up at 3- and 18-month intervals over a course of 4.5 years at two study centers in Germany. Baseline and 18-month visits entail multimodal phenotyping, including the assessment of mental health status, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, resilience factors, life history, neuropsychological assessments (of proposed resilience mechanisms), and biomaterials (blood for genetic and epigenetic, stool for microbiome, and hair for cortisol analysis). At 3-monthly online assessments, subjects are monitored for subsequent exposure to stressors as well as mental health measures, which allows for a quantitative assessment of stressor-dependent changes in mental health as the main outcome. Descriptive analyses of mental health, number of stressors including major life events, daily hassles, perceived stress, and the ability to recover from stress are here presented for the baseline sample. The LORA study is unique in its design and will pave the way for a better understanding of resilience mechanisms in humans and for further development of interventions to successfully prevent stress-related disorder.
- Eckart, C., Kraft, D., & Fiebach, C. J. (2021). Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of an Affective Task-Switching Paradigm. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 21(5), 921–931. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000972
@article{eckartInternalConsistencyTestretest2021, title = {Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of an Affective Task-Switching Paradigm}, author = {Eckart, Cindy and Kraft, Dominik and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2021}, month = aug, journal = {Emotion (Washington, D.C.)}, volume = {21}, number = {5}, pages = {921--931}, issn = {1931-1516}, doi = {10.1037/emo0000972}, langid = {english}, pmid = {33793255}, keywords = {Emotions,Humans,Individuality,Reaction Time,Reproducibility of Results}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\K6JENIPL\Eckart et al. - 2021 - Internal consistency and test-retest reliability o.pdf} }Abstract
Affective flexibility refers to the flexible adaptation of behavior or thought given emotionally relevant stimuli, tasks, or contexts, and has been associated with the efficiency of emotion regulation and dealing with stress and adversity. Experimentally, individual differences in affective flexibility have been measured as behavioral costs (response times, errors rates) of switching between affective and neutral tasks. However, behavioral task measures can only be treated as trait-like characteristics if they have sufficient psychometric quality. We report an analysis of the test-retest reliability (interval 2 weeks) as well as internal consistencies of behavioral switch costs measured in an affective task-switching paradigm. This paradigm elicits strong response time switch costs for both tasks, but higher when switching to the emotion than to the gender task. These "asymmetric switch costs" suggest dominance of the emotional task rule. Reliability analyses indicated excellent internal consistency estimates (Spearman-Brown corrected r = .92 for both switch directions) and good test-retest reliabilities (ICC(2,1) of .78 and .82, respectively) for response time-based switch costs. Effect sizes and reliability estimates were substantially lower for switch costs calculated from error rates, which is consistent with previous literature discussing the psychometric properties of task-based cognitive measures. Reliability measures were lower but still acceptable for valence-specific response time-based switch costs, potentially due to lower trial numbers per cell when increasing granularity of the analysis. In conclusion, our results indicate that response time-based affective switch costs are well-suited as individual differences measure, and thus may be a valuable proxy for assessing affective flexibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
- Kalisch, R., Köber, G., Binder, H., Ahrens, K. F., Basten, U., Chmitorz, A., Choi, K. W., Fiebach, C. J., Goldbach, N., Neumann, R. J., Kampa, M., Kollmann, B., Lieb, K., Plichta, M. M., Reif, A., Schick, A., Sebastian, A., Walter, H., Wessa, M., … Engen, H. (2021). The Frequent Stressor and Mental Health Monitoring-Paradigm: A Proposal for the Operationalization and Measurement of Resilience and the Identification of Resilience Processes in Longitudinal Observational Studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710493
@article{kalischFrequentStressorMental2021, title = {The {{Frequent Stressor}} and {{Mental Health Monitoring-Paradigm}}: {{A Proposal}} for the {{Operationalization}} and {{Measurement}} of {{Resilience}} and the {{Identification}} of {{Resilience Processes}} in {{Longitudinal Observational Studies}}}, shorttitle = {The {{Frequent Stressor}} and {{Mental Health Monitoring-Paradigm}}}, author = {Kalisch, Raffael and K{\"o}ber, G{\"o}ran and Binder, Harald and Ahrens, Kira F. and Basten, Ulrike and Chmitorz, Andrea and Choi, Karmel W. and Fiebach, Christian J. and Goldbach, Nele and Neumann, Rebecca J. and Kampa, Miriam and Kollmann, Bianca and Lieb, Klaus and Plichta, Michael M. and Reif, Andreas and Schick, Anita and Sebastian, Alexandra and Walter, Henrik and Wessa, Mich{\`e}le and Yuen, Kenneth S. L. and T{\"u}scher, Oliver and Engen, Haakon}, year = {2021}, month = aug, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {12}, publisher = {Frontiers}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710493}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, keywords = {adaptation,adversity,Allostasis,coping,Dynamic system,Homeostasis,Mental Health,resilience,stress}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\H88B86VP\Kalisch et al. - 2021 - The Frequent Stressor and Mental Health Monitoring.pdf} }Abstract
Resilience has been defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during and after times of adversity. How to operationalize resilience and to determine the factors and processes that lead to good long-term mental health outcomes in stressor-exposed individuals is a matter of ongoing debate and of critical importance for the advancement of the field. One of the biggest challenges for implementing an outcome-based definition of resilience in longitudinal observational study designs lies in the fact that real-life adversity is usually unpredictable and that its substantial qualitative as well as temporal variability between subjects often precludes defining circumscribed time windows of inter-individually comparable stressor exposure relative to which the maintenance or recovery of mental health can be determined. To address this pertinent issue, we propose to frequently and regularly monitor stressor exposure (E) and mental health problems (P) throughout a study’s observation period [Frequent Stressor and Mental Health Monitoring (FRESHMO)-paradigm]. On this basis, a subject’s deviation at any single monitoring time point from the study sample’s normative E–P relationship (the regression residual) can be used to calculate that subject’s current mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (“stressor reactivity,” SR). The SR score takes into account the individual extent of experienced adversity and is comparable between and within subjects. Individual SR time courses across monitoring time points reflect intra-individual temporal variability in SR, where periods of under-reactivity (negative SR score) are associated with accumulation of fewer mental health problems than is normal for the sample. If FRESHMO is accompanied by regular measurement of potential resilience factors, temporal changes in resilience factors can be used to predict SR time courses. An increase in a resilience factor measurement explaining a lagged decrease in SR can then be considered to index a process of adaptation to stressor exposure that promotes a resilient outcome (an allostatic resilience process). This design principle allows resilience research to move beyond merely determining baseline predictors of resilience outcomes, which cannot inform about how individuals successfully adjust and adapt when confronted with adversity. Hence, FRESHMO plus regular resilience factor monitoring incorporates a dynamic-systems perspective into resilience research.
- Martins, D., Rademacher, L., Gabay, A. S., Taylor, R., Richey, J. A., Smith, D. V., Goerlich, K. S., Nawijn, L., Cremers, H. R., Wilson, R., Bhattacharyya, S., & Paloyelis, Y. (2021). Mapping Social Reward and Punishment Processing in the Human Brain: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Findings Using the Social Incentive Delay Task. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 122, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.034
@article{martinsMappingSocialReward2021, title = {Mapping Social Reward and Punishment Processing in the Human Brain: {{A}} Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Findings Using the Social Incentive Delay Task}, shorttitle = {Mapping Social Reward and Punishment Processing in the Human Brain}, author = {Martins, D. and Rademacher, L. and Gabay, A. S. and Taylor, R. and Richey, J. A. and Smith, D. V. and Goerlich, K. S. and Nawijn, L. and Cremers, H. R. and Wilson, R. and Bhattacharyya, S. and Paloyelis, Y.}, year = {2021}, month = mar, journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews}, volume = {122}, pages = {1--17}, issn = {1873-7528}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.034}, langid = {english}, pmid = {33421544}, keywords = {Anisotropic effect size signed differential mapping,Anticipation,Brain,Brain Mapping,Feedback,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Motivation,Neuroimaging,Punishment,Reward,Social incentive delay,Social punishment,Social reward}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\HLZS8ZP3\Martins et al. - 2021 - Mapping social reward and punishment processing in.pdf} }Abstract
Social rewards or punishments motivate human learning and behaviour, and alterations in the brain circuits involved in the processing of these stimuli have been linked with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, questions still remain about the exact neural substrates implicated in social reward and punishment processing. Here, we conducted four Anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping voxel-based meta-analyses of fMRI studies investigating the neural correlates of the anticipation and receipt of social rewards and punishments using the Social Incentive Delay task. We found that the anticipation of both social rewards and social punishment avoidance recruits a wide network of areas including the basal ganglia, the midbrain, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the supplementary motor area, the anterior insula, the occipital gyrus and other frontal, temporal, parietal and cerebellar regions not captured in previous coordinate-based meta-analysis. We identified decreases in the BOLD signal during the anticipation of both social reward and punishment avoidance in regions of the default-mode network that were missed in individual studies likely due to a lack of power. Receipt of social rewards engaged a robust network of brain regions including the ventromedial frontal and orbitofrontal cortices, the anterior cingulate cortex, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the occipital cortex and the brainstem, but not the basal ganglia. Receipt of social punishments increased the BOLD signal in the orbitofrontal cortex, superior and inferior frontal gyri, lateral occipital cortex and the insula. In contrast to the receipt of social rewards, we also observed a decrease in the BOLD signal in the basal ganglia in response to the receipt of social punishments. Our results provide a better understanding of the brain circuitry involved in the processing of social rewards and punishment. Furthermore, they can inform hypotheses regarding brain areas where disruption in activity may be associated with dysfunctional social incentive processing during disease.
2022
- Ahrens, K. F., Neumann, R. J., Von Werthern, N. M., Kranz, T. M., Kollmann, B., Mattes, B., Puhlmann, L. M. C., Weichert, D., Lutz, B., Basten, U., Fiebach, C. J., Wessa, M., Kalisch, R., Lieb, K., Chiocchetti, A. G., Tüscher, O., Reif, A., & Plichta, M. M. (2022). Association of Polygenic Risk Scores and Hair Cortisol with Mental Health Trajectories during COVID Lockdown. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), 396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02165-9
@article{ahrensAssociationPolygenicRisk2022, title = {Association of Polygenic Risk Scores and Hair Cortisol with Mental Health Trajectories during {{COVID}} Lockdown}, author = {Ahrens, Kira F. and Neumann, Rebecca J. and Von Werthern, Nina M. and Kranz, Thorsten M. and Kollmann, Bianca and Mattes, Bj{\"o}rn and Puhlmann, Lara M. C. and Weichert, Danuta and Lutz, Beat and Basten, Ulrike and Fiebach, Christian J. and Wessa, Mich{\`e}le and Kalisch, Raffael and Lieb, Klaus and Chiocchetti, Andreas G. and T{\"u}scher, Oliver and Reif, Andreas and Plichta, Michael M.}, year = {2022}, month = sep, journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {396}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/s41398-022-02165-9}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\6Q6BZPX9\Ahrens et al. - 2022 - Association of polygenic risk scores and hair cort.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is a global stressor with inter-individually differing influences on mental health trajectories. Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for psychiatric phenotypes are associated with individual mental health predispositions. Elevated hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and high PRSs are related to negative mental health outcomes. We analyzed whether PRSs and HCC are related to different mental health trajectories during the first COVID lockdown in Germany. Among 523 participants selected from the longitudinal resilience assessment study (LORA), we previously reported three subgroups (acute dysfunction, delayed dysfunction, resilient) based on weekly mental health (GHQ-28) assessment during COVID lockdown. DNA from blood was collected at the baseline of the original LORA study ( n \,= 364) and used to calculate the PRSs of 12 different psychopathological phenotypes. An explorative bifactor model with Schmid-Leiman transformation was calculated to extract a general genetic factor for psychiatric disorders. Hair samples were collected quarterly prior to the pandemic for determining HCC ( n \,= 192). Bivariate logistic regressions were performed to test the associations of HCC and the PRS factors with the reported trajectories. The bifactor model revealed 1 general factor and 4 sub-factors. Results indicate a significant association between increased values on the general risk factor and the allocation to the acute dysfunction class. The same was found for elevated HCC and the exploratorily tested sub-factor “childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders”. Genetic risk and long-term cortisol secretion as a potential indicator of stress, indicated by PRSs and HCC, respectively, predicted different mental health trajectories. Results indicate a potential for future studies on risk prediction.
- Bosnjak, M., Fiebach, C. J., Mellor, D., Mueller, S., O’Connor, D. B., Oswald, F. L., & Sokol, R. I. (2022). A Template for Preregistration of Quantitative Research in Psychology: Report of the Joint Psychological Societies Preregistration Task Force. American Psychologist, 77(4), 602–615. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000879
@article{bosnjakTemplatePreregistrationQuantitative2022, title = {A Template for Preregistration of Quantitative Research in Psychology: {{Report}} of the Joint Psychological Societies Preregistration Task Force.}, shorttitle = {A Template for Preregistration of Quantitative Research in Psychology}, author = {Bosnjak, Michael and Fiebach, Christian J. and Mellor, David and Mueller, Stefanie and O'Connor, Daryl B. and Oswald, Frederick L. and Sokol, Rosemarie I.}, year = {2022}, month = may, journal = {American Psychologist}, volume = {77}, number = {4}, pages = {602--615}, issn = {1935-990X, 0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037/amp0000879}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\CTICSA96\Bosnjak et al. - 2022 - A template for preregistration of quantitative res.pdf} } - Eisenhauer, S., Gagl, B., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022). Predictive Pre-activation of Orthographic and Lexical-semantic Representations Facilitates Visual Word Recognition. Psychophysiology, 59(3), e13970. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13970
@article{eisenhauerPredictivePreactivationOrthographic2022, title = {Predictive Pre-activation of Orthographic and Lexical-semantic Representations Facilitates Visual Word Recognition}, author = {Eisenhauer, Susanne and Gagl, Benjamin and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2022}, month = mar, journal = {Psychophysiology}, volume = {59}, number = {3}, pages = {e13970}, issn = {0048-5772, 1469-8986}, doi = {10.1111/psyp.13970}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\IS7W2E3U\Eisenhauer et al. - 2022 - Predictive pre‐activation of orthographic and lexi.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract To a crucial extent, the efficiency of reading results from the fact that visual word recognition is faster in predictive contexts. Predictive coding models suggest that this facilitation results from pre-activation of predictable stimulus features across multiple representational levels before stimulus onset. Still, it is not sufficiently understood which aspects of the rich set of linguistic representations that are activated during reading—visual, orthographic, phonological, and/or lexical-semantic—contribute to context-dependent facilitation. To investigate in detail which linguistic representations are pre-activated in a predictive context and how they affect subsequent stimulus processing, we combined a well-controlled repetition priming paradigm, including words and pseudowords (i.e., pronounceable nonwords), with behavioral and magnetoencephalography measurements. For statistical analysis, we used linear mixed modeling, which we found had a higher statistical power compared to conventional multivariate pattern decoding analysis. Behavioral data from 49 participants indicate that word predictability (i.e., context present vs. absent) facilitated orthographic and lexical-semantic, but not visual or phonological processes. Magnetoencephalography data from 38 participants show sustained activation of orthographic and lexical-semantic representations in the interval before processing the predicted stimulus, suggesting selective pre-activation at multiple levels of linguistic representation as proposed by predictive coding. However, we found more robust lexical-semantic representations when processing predictable in contrast to unpredictable letter strings, and pre-activation effects mainly resembled brain responses elicited when processing the expected letter string. This finding suggests that pre-activation did not result in “explaining away” predictable stimulus features, but rather in a “sharpening” of brain responses involved in word processing. , Visual word recognition is facilitated in predictive contexts. Predictive coding models postulate that context-dependent facilitation involves the pre-activation of expected stimulus features, but it is not clear on which linguistic representations this mechanism relies during word recognition. Combining magnetoencephalography with high-powered linear mixed modeling, we show that context-dependent facilitation relies on pre-activation of orthographic and lexical-semantic representations before actually perceiving an expected word.
- Gagl, B., Gregorova, K., Golch, J., Hawelka, S., Sassenhagen, J., Tavano, A., Poeppel, D., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022). Eye Movements during Text Reading Align with the Rate of Speech Production. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(3), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01215-4
@article{gaglEyeMovementsText2022, title = {Eye Movements during Text Reading Align with the Rate of Speech Production}, author = {Gagl, Benjamin and Gregorova, Klara and Golch, Julius and Hawelka, Stefan and Sassenhagen, Jona and Tavano, Alessandro and Poeppel, David and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2022}, month = mar, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {429--442}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, issn = {2397-3374}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-021-01215-4}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited}, langid = {english}, keywords = {Human behaviour,Language,Reading,Saccades}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\J2YD3QAF\Gagl et al. - 2022 - Eye movements during text reading align with the r.pdf} }Abstract
Across languages, the speech signal is characterized by a predominant modulation of the amplitude spectrum between about 4.3 and 5.5 Hz, reflecting the production and processing of linguistic information chunks (syllables and words) every ~200 ms. Interestingly, ~200 ms is also the typical duration of eye fixations during reading. Prompted by this observation, we demonstrate that German readers sample written text at ~5 Hz. A subsequent meta-analysis of 142 studies from 14 languages replicates this result and shows that sampling frequencies vary across languages between 3.9 Hz and 5.2 Hz. This variation systematically depends on the complexity of the writing systems (character-based versus alphabetic systems and orthographic transparency). Finally, we empirically demonstrate a positive correlation between speech spectrum and eye movement sampling in low-skilled non-native readers, with tentative evidence from post hoc analysis suggesting the same relationship in low-skilled native readers. On the basis of this convergent evidence, we propose that during reading, our brain’s linguistic processing systems imprint a preferred processing rate—that is, the rate of spoken language production and perception—onto the oculomotor system.
- Gagl, B., Richlan, F., Ludersdorfer, P., Sassenhagen, J., Eisenhauer, S., Gregorova, K., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022). The Lexical Categorization Model: A Computational Model of Left Ventral Occipito-Temporal Cortex Activation in Visual Word Recognition. PLOS Computational Biology, 18(6), e1009995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009995
@article{gaglLexicalCategorizationModel2022, title = {The Lexical Categorization Model: {{A}} Computational Model of Left Ventral Occipito-Temporal Cortex Activation in Visual Word Recognition}, shorttitle = {The Lexical Categorization Model}, author = {Gagl, Benjamin and Richlan, Fabio and Ludersdorfer, Philipp and Sassenhagen, Jona and Eisenhauer, Susanne and Gregorova, Klara and Fiebach, Christian J.}, editor = {Peters, Megan A. K.}, year = {2022}, month = jun, journal = {PLOS Computational Biology}, volume = {18}, number = {6}, pages = {e1009995}, issn = {1553-7358}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009995}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\6SBZB5XK\Gagl et al. - 2022 - The lexical categorization model A computational .pdf} }Abstract
To characterize the functional role of the left-ventral occipito-temporal cortex (lvOT) during reading in a quantitatively explicit and testable manner, we propose the lexical categorization model (LCM). The LCM assumes that lvOT optimizes linguistic processing by allowing fast meaning access when words are familiar and filtering out orthographic strings without meaning. The LCM successfully simulates benchmark results from functional brain imaging described in the literature. In a second evaluation, we empirically demonstrate that quantitative LCM simulations predict lvOT activation better than alternative models across three functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. We found that word-likeness, assumed as input into a lexical categorization process, is represented posteriorly to lvOT, whereas a dichotomous word/non-word output of the LCM could be localized to the downstream frontal brain regions. Finally, training the process of lexical categorization resulted in more efficient reading. In sum, we propose that word recognition in the ventral visual stream involves word-likeness extraction followed by lexical categorization before one can access word meaning.
- Kraft, D., & Fiebach, C. J. (2022). Probing the Association between Resting-State Brain Network Dynamics and Psychological Resilience. Network Neuroscience, 6(1), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00216
@article{kraftProbingAssociationRestingstate2022, title = {Probing the Association between Resting-State Brain Network Dynamics and Psychological Resilience}, author = {Kraft, Dominik and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2022}, month = mar, journal = {Network Neuroscience}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {175--195}, issn = {2472-1751}, doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00216}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\E9QN2AU6\Kraft und Fiebach - 2022 - Probing the association between resting-state brai.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract This study aimed at replicating a previously reported negative correlation between node flexibility and psychological resilience, that is, the ability to retain mental health in the face of stress and adversity. To this end, we used multiband resting-state BOLD fMRI (TR = .675 sec) from 52 participants who had filled out three psychological questionnaires assessing resilience. Time-resolved functional connectivity was calculated by performing a sliding window approach on averaged time series parcellated according to different established atlases. Multilayer modularity detection was performed to track network reconfigurations over time, and node flexibility was calculated as the number of times a node changes community assignment. In addition, node promiscuity (the fraction of communities a node participates in) and node degree (as proxy for time-varying connectivity) were calculated to extend previous work. We found no substantial correlations between resilience and node flexibility. We observed a small number of correlations between the two other brain measures and resilience scores that were, however, very inconsistently distributed across brain measures, differences in temporal sampling, and parcellation schemes. This heterogeneity calls into question the existence of previously postulated associations between resilience and brain network flexibility and highlights how results may be influenced by specific analysis choices.
- Neumann, R. J., Ahrens, K. F., Kollmann, B., Goldbach, N., Chmitorz, A., Weichert, D., Fiebach, C. J., Wessa, M., Kalisch, R., Lieb, K., Tüscher, O., Plichta, M. M., Reif, A., & Matura, S. (2022). The Impact of Physical Fitness on Resilience to Modern Life Stress and the Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 272(4), 679–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-021-01338-9
@article{neumannImpactPhysicalFitness2022, title = {The Impact of Physical Fitness on Resilience to Modern Life Stress and the Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy}, author = {Neumann, R. J. and Ahrens, K. F. and Kollmann, B. and Goldbach, N. and Chmitorz, A. and Weichert, D. and Fiebach, C. J. and Wessa, M. and Kalisch, R. and Lieb, K. and T{\"u}scher, O. and Plichta, M. M. and Reif, A. and Matura, S.}, year = {2022}, month = jun, journal = {European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience}, volume = {272}, number = {4}, pages = {679--692}, issn = {0940-1334, 1433-8491}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-021-01338-9}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\58TEFUUN\Neumann et al. - 2022 - The impact of physical fitness on resilience to mo.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract Substantial evidence shows that physical activity and fitness play a protective role in the development of stress related disorders. However, the beneficial effects of fitness for resilience to modern life stress are not fully understood. Potentially protective effects may be attributed to enhanced resilience via underlying psychosocial mechanisms such as self-efficacy expectations. This study investigated whether physical activity and fitness contribute to prospectively measured resilience and examined the mediating effect of general self-efficacy. 431 initially healthy adults participated in fitness assessments as part of a longitudinal-prospective study, designed to identify mechanisms of resilience. Self-efficacy and habitual activity were assessed in parallel to cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, which were determined by a submaximal step-test, hand strength and standing long jump test. Resilience was indexed by stressor reactivity: mental health problems in relation to reported life events and daily hassles, monitored quarterly for nine months. Hierarchical linear regression models and bootstrapped mediation analyses were applied. We could show that muscular and self-perceived fitness were positively associated with stress resilience. Extending this finding, the muscular fitness–resilience relationship was partly mediated by self-efficacy expectations. In this context, self-efficacy expectations may act as one underlying psychological mechanism, with complementary benefits for the promotion of mental health. While physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness did not predict resilience prospectively, we found muscular and self-perceived fitness to be significant prognostic parameters for stress resilience. Although there is still more need to identify specific fitness parameters in light of stress resilience, our study underscores the general relevance of fitness for stress-related disorders prevention.
2023
- Eckart, C., Kraft, D., Rademacher, L., & Fiebach, C. J. (2023). Neural Correlates of Affective Task Switching and Asymmetric Affective Task Switching Costs. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 18(1), nsac054. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsac054
@article{eckartNeuralCorrelatesAffective2023, title = {Neural Correlates of Affective Task Switching and Asymmetric Affective Task Switching Costs}, author = {Eckart, Cindy and Kraft, Dominik and Rademacher, Lena and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2023}, month = feb, journal = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {nsac054}, issn = {1749-5024}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsac054}, langid = {english}, pmcid = {PMC9949498}, pmid = {36226894}, keywords = {affective flexibility,asymmetric switch costs,Brain,Brain Mapping,Cognition,emotion,Emotions,functional MRI,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Prefrontal Cortex,task switching}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\9TNYKIT5\Eckart et al. - 2023 - Neural correlates of affective task switching and .pdf} }Abstract
The control of emotions is of potentially great clinical relevance. Accordingly, there has been increasing interest in understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying the ability to switch efficiently between the processing of affective and non-affective information. Reports of asymmetrically increased switch costs when switching toward the more salient emotion task indicate specific demands in the flexible control of emotion. The neural mechanisms underlying affective task switching, however, are so far not fully understood. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (N\,= 57), we observed that affective task switching was accompanied by increased activity in domain-general fronto-parietal control systems. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the posterior medial frontal and anterolateral prefrontal cortex was directly related to affective switch costs, indicating that these regions play a particular role in individual differences in (affective) task-switching ability. Asymmetric switch costs were associated with increased activity in the right inferior frontal and dorsal anterior medial prefrontal cortex, two brain regions critical for response inhibition. This suggests that asymmetric switch costs might-to a great extent-reflect higher demands on inhibitory control of the dominant emotion task. These results contribute to a refined understanding of brain systems for the flexible control of emotions and thereby identify valuable target systems for future clinical research.
- Kazanina, N., & Tavano, A. (2023). What Neural Oscillations Can and Cannot Do for Syntactic Structure Building. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 24(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-022-00659-5
@article{kazaninaWhatNeuralOscillations2023, title = {What Neural Oscillations Can and Cannot Do for Syntactic Structure Building}, author = {Kazanina, Nina and Tavano, Alessandro}, year = {2023}, month = feb, journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {113--128}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, issn = {1471-0048}, doi = {10.1038/s41583-022-00659-5}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, copyright = {2022 Springer Nature Limited}, langid = {english}, keywords = {Human behaviour,Language}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\E8IV6ACX\Kazanina und Tavano - 2023 - What neural oscillations can and cannot do for syn.pdf} }Abstract
Understanding what someone says requires relating words in a sentence to one another as instructed by the grammatical rules of a language. In recent years, the neurophysiological basis for this process has become a prominent topic of discussion in cognitive neuroscience. Current proposals about the neural mechanisms of syntactic structure building converge on a key role for neural oscillations in this process, but they differ in terms of the exact function that is assigned to them. In this Perspective, we discuss two proposed functions for neural oscillations — chunking and multiscale information integration — and evaluate their merits and limitations taking into account a fundamentally hierarchical nature of syntactic representations in natural languages. We highlight insights that provide a tangible starting point for a neurocognitive model of syntactic structure building.
- Rademacher, L., Kraft, D., Eckart, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2023). Individual Differences in Resilience to Stress Are Associated with Affective Flexibility. Psychological Research, 87(6), 1862–1879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01779-4
@article{rademacherIndividualDifferencesResilience2023, title = {Individual Differences in Resilience to Stress Are Associated with Affective Flexibility}, author = {Rademacher, Lena and Kraft, Dominik and Eckart, Cindy and Fiebach, Christian J.}, year = {2023}, month = sep, journal = {Psychological Research}, volume = {87}, number = {6}, pages = {1862--1879}, issn = {0340-0727, 1430-2772}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-022-01779-4}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\D6KVVMPC\Rademacher et al. - 2023 - Individual differences in resilience to stress are.pdf} }Abstract
Abstract Cognitive flexibility is frequently linked to resilience because of its important contribution to stress regulation. In this context, particularly affective flexibility, defined as the ability to flexibly attend and disengage from affective information, may play a significant role. In the present study, the relationship of cognitive and affective flexibility and resilience was examined in 100 healthy participants. Resilience was measured with three self-report questionnaires, two defining resilience as a personality trait and one focusing on resilience as an outcome in the sense of stress coping abilities. Cognitive and affective flexibility were assessed in two experimental task switching paradigms with non-affective and affective materials and tasks, respectively. The cognitive flexibility paradigm additionally included measures of cognitive stability and spontaneous switching in ambiguous situations. In the affective flexibility paradigm, we explicitly considered the affective valence of the stimuli. Response time switch costs in the affective flexibility paradigm were significantly correlated to all three measures of resilience. The correlation was not specific for particular valences of the stimuli before or during switching. For cognitive (non-affective) flexibility, a significant correlation of response time switch costs was found with only one resilience measure. A regression analysis including both affective and cognitive switch costs as predictors of resilience indicated that only affective, but not cognitive switch costs, explained unique variance components. Furthermore, the experimental measures of cognitive stability and the rate of spontaneous switching in ambiguous situations did not correlate with resilience scores. These findings suggest that specifically the efficiency of flexibly switching between affective and non-affective information is related to resilience.
- Rahal, R.-M., Fiedler, S., Adetula, A., Berntsson, R. P.-A., Dirnagl, U., Feld, G. B., Fiebach, C. J., Himi, S. A., Horner, A. J., Lonsdorf, T. B., Schönbrodt, F., Silan, M. A. A., Wenzler, M., & Azevedo, F. (2023). Quality Research Needs Good Working Conditions. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(2), 164–167. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01508-2
@article{rahalQualityResearchNeeds2023, title = {Quality Research Needs Good Working Conditions}, author = {Rahal, Rima-Maria and Fiedler, Susann and Adetula, Adeyemi and Berntsson, Ronnie P.-A. and Dirnagl, Ulrich and Feld, Gordon B. and Fiebach, Christian J. and Himi, Samsad Afrin and Horner, Aidan J. and Lonsdorf, Tina B. and Sch{\"o}nbrodt, Felix and Silan, Miguel Alejandro A. and Wenzler, Michael and Azevedo, Fl{\'a}vio}, year = {2023}, month = feb, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {164--167}, issn = {2397-3374}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-022-01508-2}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english} } - Schoett, M. J. S., Basten, U., Deichmann, R., Fiebach, C. J., & Fischmann, T. (2023). Brain Responses to Social Cues of Attachment in Mid-Childhood. Attachment & Human Development, 25(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1840791
@article{schoettBrainResponsesSocial2023, title = {Brain Responses to Social Cues of Attachment in Mid-Childhood}, author = {Schoett, Margerete J.S. and Basten, Ulrike and Deichmann, Ralf and Fiebach, Christian J. and Fischmann, Tamara}, year = {2023}, month = jan, journal = {Attachment \& Human Development}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {35--49}, issn = {1461-6734, 1469-2988}, doi = {10.1080/14616734.2020.1840791}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english} } - Von Werthern, N. M., Ahrens, K. F., Neumann, R. J., Kollmann, B., Kranz, T. M., Lieb, K., Tüscher, O., Reif, A., Fiebach, C. J., & Plichta, M. M. (2023). Loneliness during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Germany: Impact of Social Factors and Polygenic Risk Scores on Interpersonal Differences in Loneliness and Mental Health. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 24(9), 838–848. https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2023.2226201
@article{vonwerthernLonelinessCovid19Pandemic2023, title = {Loneliness during the {{Covid-19}} Pandemic in {{Germany}}: {{Impact}} of Social Factors and Polygenic Risk Scores on Interpersonal Differences in Loneliness and Mental Health}, shorttitle = {Loneliness during the {{Covid-19}} Pandemic in {{Germany}}}, author = {Von Werthern, N. M. and Ahrens, K. F. and Neumann, R. J. and Kollmann, B. and Kranz, T. M. and Lieb, K. and T{\"u}scher, O. and Reif, A. and Fiebach, C. J. and Plichta, M. M.}, year = {2023}, month = oct, journal = {The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry}, volume = {24}, number = {9}, pages = {838--848}, issn = {1562-2975, 1814-1412}, doi = {10.1080/15622975.2023.2226201}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, langid = {english} } - Wehrheim, M. H., Faskowitz, J., Sporns, O., Fiebach, C. J., Kaschube, M., & Hilger, K. (2023). Few Temporally Distributed Brain Connectivity States Predict Human Cognitive Abilities. NeuroImage, 277, 120246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120246
@article{wehrheimFewTemporallyDistributed2023, title = {Few Temporally Distributed Brain Connectivity States Predict Human Cognitive Abilities}, author = {Wehrheim, Maren H. and Faskowitz, Joshua and Sporns, Olaf and Fiebach, Christian J. and Kaschube, Matthias and Hilger, Kirsten}, year = {2023}, month = aug, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {277}, pages = {120246}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120246}, urldate = {2024-03-27}, keywords = {Functional connectivity,General cognitive ability,Machine learning,Predictive modeling,Resting state}, file = {C:\Users\felix\Zotero\storage\CRKYCD3U\Wehrheim et al. - 2023 - Few temporally distributed brain connectivity stat.pdf} }Abstract
Human functional brain connectivity can be temporally decomposed into states of high and low cofluctuation, defined as coactivation of brain regions over time. Rare states of particularly high cofluctuation have been shown to reflect fundamentals of intrinsic functional network architecture and to be highly subject-specific. However, it is unclear whether such network-defining states also contribute to individual variations in cognitive abilities – which strongly rely on the interactions among distributed brain regions. By introducing CMEP, a new eigenvector-based prediction framework, we show that as few as 16 temporally separated time frames (< 1.5% of 10 min resting-state fMRI) can significantly predict individual differences in intelligence (N = 263, p < .001). Against previous expectations, individual’s network-defining time frames of particularly high cofluctuation do not predict intelligence. Multiple functional brain networks contribute to the prediction, and all results replicate in an independent sample (N = 831). Our results suggest that although fundamentals of person-specific functional connectomes can be derived from few time frames of highest connectivity, temporally distributed information is necessary to extract information about cognitive abilities. This information is not restricted to specific connectivity states, like network-defining high-cofluctuation states, but rather reflected across the entire length of the brain connectivity time series.